今天我们来聊聊情态动词的用法,以下6个关于情态动词的用法的观点希望能帮助到您找到想要的大学知识。
本文目录
关于情态动词的用法
情态动词的定义:
情态动词是一种本身有一定的词义,表示说话人的情绪,态度或语气的动词,但不能单独作谓语, 只能和其他动词原形构成谓语。
We can be there on time tomorrow.
我们明天能按时去那儿。
May I have your name?
我能知道你的名字吗?
Shall we begin now?
我们现在就开始吗?
You must obey the school rules.
你必须遵守校规。
情态动词数量不多,但用途广泛,主要有下列:
can (could), may (might), must, need, ought to, dare (dared), shall (should), will (would) .
情态动词的位置:
情态动词在句中放在谓语动词之前, 谓语动词前若有助动词,则在助动词之前,疑问句中, 情态动词则在主语之前。
I can see you. Come here.
我能看见你,过来吧。
He must have been away.
他一定走了。
What can I do for you?
你要什么?
How dare you treat us like that!
你怎能那样对待我们!
情态动词的特点:
情态动词无人称和数的变化, 情态动词后面跟的动词需用原形,否定式构成是在情态动词后面加 "not"。 个别情态动词有现在式和过去式两种形式, 过去式用来表达更加客气, 委婉的语气, 时态性不强, 可用于过去,现在或将来。
He could be here soon.
他很快就来。
We can't carry the heavy box.
我们搬不动那箱子。
I'm sorry I can't help you.
对不起,我帮不上你。
情态动词的用法:
can (could) 表示说话人能,可以,同意,准许,以及
客观条件许可,could 为 can 的过去式。
Can you pass me the books?
你能给我递一下书吗 ?
Could you help me, please?
请问,你能帮助我吗?
What can you do?
你能干点什么呢?
Can you be sure?
你有把握吗?
can 和could 只能用于现在式和过去式两种时态,将来时态用 be able to 来表示。
He could help us at all.
他完全可以帮助我们。
With the teacher's help,I shall be able to speak English correctly.
由于老师的帮助,我将能准确地讲英语。
may (might) 可以, 表示说话人同意,许可或请求对方许可。
You may take the book home.
你可以把书带回家去.
May I come in?
我可以进来吗?
May I use your dictionary?
我可以用你的词典吗?
You may put on more clothes.
你可以多穿点衣服.
He said he might lend us some money.
他说他可以借给我们一些钱。
may 否定式为 may not, 缩写形式是 mayn't.
might 是may 的过去式, 有两种用法, 一种表示过去式,一种表示虚拟语气, 使语气更加委婉, 客气或对可能性的怀疑。
He told me he might be here on time.
他说他能按时间来。
Might I borrow some money now.
我可以借点钱吗?
He might be alive.
他可能还活着。
Must 必须,应该,一定,准是, 表示说话人认为有必要做某事, 命令, 要求别人做某事以及对事物的推测。
must 用来指一般现在时和一般将来时, 过去式可用 have to 的过去式代替。
I must finish my work today.
我今天必须完成我的工作。
You mustn't work all the time.
你不能老是工作。
Must I return the book tomorrow?
我必须明天还书吗?
After such a long walk, you must be tired.
走了这么长的路,你一定困了。
He must be the man I am looking for.
他一定是我要找的人。
He had to go because of somebody's calling
him that day.
那天他要走是因为有人叫他。
must + have + 过去分词,表示现在对过去事物的推测。
He must have told my parents about it.
他一定把这件事情告诉我父母亲了。
He must have received my letter now.
他现在一定收到我的信了。
It's six o'clock already, we must have been late again.
已经六点钟了,我们一定又迟到了。
must 和 have to 的区别: must 表示说话人的主观思想, have to 表示客观需要。
You must do it now.
你必需现在就干。(说话人认为必须现在干)
I have to go now.
我得走了。(客观条件必须现在走)
need 需要 多用在否定式或疑问句中.
Need I attend the meeting tomorrow?
我需要明天参加会议吗?
You need not hand in the paper this week.
这一周你不必交论文。
need 是一个情态动词, 他的用法完全和其他情态动词一样, 但 need 还可当作实义动词使用, 这时 need 就象其他动词一样,有第三人称,单复数, 后面加带 to 的动词等特性。
I need a bike to go to school.
我上学需要一辆自行车。
Do you need a dictionary?
你需要词典吗?
She needs a necklace.
她需要一条项链。
needn't + have + 过去分词 表示过去做了没必要做的事情。
You needn't have taken it seriously.
这件事情你不必太认真。
dare 敢 多用在否定或疑问句中。
The little girl dare not speak in public.
小女孩不敢在公众面前说话。
Dare you catch the little cat?
你敢抓小猫吗?
dare 除用作情态动词外,更多的是当实义动词使用, 用法同实义动词一样,要考虑人称,单复数,时态等。
Do you dare to walk in the dark?
你敢黑夜走路吗?
He doesn't dare to tell the teacher what happened that day.
他不敢告诉老师那天发生的事。
ought 应当,应该 后面跟带有 to 的动词不定式。
You ought to read these books if you want to know how to repair the motorcar.
如果你想知道如何修理汽车,你应该读这些书。
You ought to bring the child here.
你应该把孩子带来。
ought + to have done 句型。指过去动作,表示一件事情该做而未做。
You ought to have been here yesterday.
你昨天就应该来。
ought not to have done 句型。表示一件不该做的事情却做了。
You ought not to have taken the book out of the reading-room.
你不应该把书带出阅览室。
will (would)决心,愿望。 would 为 will 的过去式,
可用于各人称。
I'll do my best to catch up with them.
我要尽全力赶上他们。
I'll never do it again, that's the last time.
我再不会做那件事情了,这是最后一次。
He said he would help me.
他说他会帮助我。
will, would用于疑问句表示说话人向对方提出请求或询问,用 would 比 will 更婉转,客气。
It's hot. Will you open the windows?
天气太热了,你能打开窗户吗?
Will you help me to work it out?
你能帮我解这道题吗?
Would you like some coffee?
给你来点咖啡怎样?
Shall, should表示命令,警告,允诺,征求,劝告,建议惊奇。
You should hand in the exercise book.
你应该交作业本儿了。
This should be no problem.
这应该没问题。
Shall we go now.
我们现在可以走了吗?
Why should I meet him?
为什么我要见他?
have to,不得不,必须,表示客观条件只能如此, 而must 则表示主观思想必须。
I have to go now.
我现在得走了。
I have to cook for my child.
我得给孩子做饭。
You must be here on time next time.
你下次一定要按时来。
We must go to get the timetable ourselves.
我们一定要自己去拿时刻表。
情态动词的用法总结
下面是我整理的一些关于情态动词的用法 总结 ,欢迎大家阅读! possibility: can / could, may / might certainty: must, will, should ability: can / could, be able to permission: can / could, may / might requests: can / could, will / would suggestions: could / may /might, shall necessity: must, have to, have got to, need advice: ought to, had better 情态动词的语法特征 1. 情态动词没有人称和数的变化,即情态动词第三人称单数不加- s (have to, have got to, be able to 除外)。 2. 情态动词不能表示正在发生或已经发生的事情,只表示期待或估计某事的发生。 3. 情态动词本身具有一定词义, 但意思不够完整, 不能单独做谓语, 后接动词原形一起构成谓语部分 (ought to, have to/have got to, be able to除外)。 4. 情态动词无非谓语形式,即无不定式、分词等形式。 Sum up 1. can和be able to 1) can (could) 表示能力、可能, 只用于现在式和过去式 2) be able to可以用于各种时态。 只用be able to的情况: a. 位于助动词后。 b. 情态动词后。 c. 表示过去某时刻动作时。 d. 用于句首表示条件。 e. 表示成功地做了某事时,只能用was/ were able to,不能用could。 注意:could还可不表示时态,只表示 1) 提出委婉的请求,回答中不可用could。 --- Could I have the television on? --- Yes, you can. / No, you can’t. 2) 在否定、疑问句中表示推测或怀疑。 He couldn’t be a bad man. 2. may和might 1) 表示允许或请求;表示没有把握的推测;may 放在句首,表示祝愿。 e.g. May God bless you! He might be at home. 注: might 表示推测时,不表示时态。只是可能性比may 小。 2) 成语 :may/might as well,后面接不带to 的不定式,意为"不妨"。 e.g. If that is the case, we may as well try. 3. have to和must 1) 两词都是“必须”的意思, have to 表示客观的需要, must 表示说话人主观上的看法, 即主观上的必要。 e.g. My brother was very ill, so I had to call the doctor in the middle of the night. He said that they must work hard. 2) have to有人称、数、时态的变化,而must只有一种形式。但must可用于 间接引语中表示过去的必要或义务。 e.g. He had to look after his sister yesterday. 3) 在否定结构中:don’t have to 表示“不必”; mustn’t表示”禁止”。 e.g. You don’t have to tell him about it. 你不必把这事告诉他。 You mustn’t tell him about it. 你不能把这事告诉他。 4. 情态动词must表示推测 1) must用在肯定句中表示较有把握的推测,意为“一定”。 2) must表对现在的状态或现在正发生的事情的推测时, 后面通常接系动词be的原形或行为动词的进行时。 e.g. You have worked hard all day. You must be tired.(对现在情况的推测判断) He must be working in his office. 他一定在办公室工作呢。 比较: He must be staying there. 他现在肯定呆在那儿。 表推测 He must stay there. 他必须呆在那儿。不表推测 3) must 表示对已发生的事情的推测时, 要接完成时。 e.g. I didn’t hear the phone. I must have been asleep. 4) must表示对过去某时正发生的事情的推测, 后面要接不定式的完成进行时。 e.g. ---Why didn’t you answer my phone call? ---Well, I must have been sleeping, so I didn’t hear it. 5) 否定推测用can’t. e.g. If Tom didn’t leave here until five o’clock, he can’t be home yet. 5.情态动词表示推测的用法 can, could, may, might, must 皆可表 示推测,其用法如下: 1) 情态动词+动词原形,表示对现在或将来的情况的推测,此时动词通常为系动词。 e.g. I don’t know where she is. She may be in Wuhan. 2) 情态动词+动词进行时, 表示对现在或将来正在进行的情况进行推测。 e.g. At this moment, our teacher must be correcting our exam papers. 3) 情态动词+动词完成时, 表示对过去情况的推测。 e.g. The road is wet. It must have rained last night. 4) 情态动词+动词的完成进行时, 表示对过去正在发生事情的推测。 e.g. Your mother must have been looking for you. 5) 推测的否定形式,疑问形式用can’t, couldn’t表示。 e.g. Mike can’t have found his car, for he came to work by bus this morning. 注: could, might表示推测时不表示时态,其推测的肯定程度不如can, may。 6.情态动词+have+过去分词 1) may (might) have + done sth., can (could) have + done sth. 表示过去,推测过去时间里可能发生的事情。 e.g. Philip may (might) have been hurt seriously in the car accident. Philip can (could) have been hurt seriously in the car accident.
情态动词是什么呢?
情态动词是表示语气的单词。但是不能独立作谓语,只能和动词原形一起构成谓语。情态动词用在行为动词前,表示说话人对这一动作或状态的看法或主观设想。
情态动词的含义虽然数量不多,但用途广泛。英文中常见的有:can (could), may (might), must, need, ought to, dare (dared), shall (should), will (would)。
情态动词用法:
1、can/could的基本用法:
表示能力,意为“会;能”。表示请求、许可,意为“可以”,相当于may。表示客观可能性,意为“有时候会”。
表示惊讶、怀疑、不相信的态度。主要用于否定句、疑问句或感叹句中。用于疑问句中表示请求、提议,意为“能不能,要不要”。
2、must的基本用法
must表示义务、命令、必要性等,意为“必须;得;要”。在回答带有must的问句时,肯定回答用must,否定回答用needn’t/don’t have to,不用mustn’t。
mustn’t表示“禁止;不许”。must表示必然性,意为“必定”。must表示固执、不满等,意为“偏偏;硬要;偏要”。if you must意为“如果你非要”。
情态动词在句子中的用法 情态动词的用法是怎样的
1、情态动词不能表示正在发生或已经发生的事情,只表示期待或估计某事的发生。 2、情态动词除ought和have外,后面只能接不带to的不定式。 3、情态动词没有人称,数的变化,即情态动词第三人称单数不加-s。 4、情态动词没有非谓语形式,即没有不定式,分词,等形式。
情态动词的用法
情态动词有can could, may might, must, have to, shall should, will would, dare dared, need needed, ought to等。 情态动词无人称和数的变化;不能单独使用,必须与其后的动词原形构成谓语。 一、 can, could 1 表示请求和允许。 -----Can I go now? ----- Yes, you can. / No, you can’t. 此时可与may互换。在疑问句中还可用could,might代替,不是过去式,只是语气更委婉,不能用于肯定句和答语中。 ---- Could I e to see you tomorrow? ---- Yes, you can. No, I’m afraid not. 2 表示能力体力、知识、技能。 Can you lift this heavy box?体力 Mary can speak three languages.知识 Can you skate?技能 此时可用be able to代替。Can只有一般现在时和一般过去式;而be able to则有更多的时态。 I’ll not be able to e this afternoon. 当表示“经过努力才得以做成功某事”时应用be able to,不能用Can。如: He was able to go to the party yesterday evening in spite of the heavy rain. 3 表示客观可能性客观原因形成的能力。 They’ve changed the timetable, so we can go by bus instead. This hall can hold 500 people at least. 4 表示推测惊讶、怀疑、不相信的态度,用于疑问句、否定句和感叹句中。 Can this be true? This can’t be done by him. How can this be true? 二、 may, might 1 表示请求和允许。might比 may语气更委婉,而不是过去式。否定回答时可用can’t或mustn’t,表示“不可以,禁止”。 ----Might/ May I *** oke in this room? ---- No, you mustn’t. ---- May/Might I take this book out of the room? ---- Yes, you can. No, you can’t / mustn’t. 用May I...?征徇对方许可时比较正式和客气,而用Can I...?在口语中更常见。 2用于祈使句,表示祝愿。 May you succeed! 3 表示推测、可能性不用于疑问句。 might不是过去式,它所表示的可能性比may小。 1.He may /might be very busy now. 2.Your mother may /might not know the truth. 三、 must, have to 1 表示必须、必要。 You must e in time. 在回答引出的问句时,如果是否定的,不能用mustn’t禁止,不准,而用needn’t, don’t have to不必. ---- Must we hand in our exercise books today? ---- Yes, you must. ---- No, you don’t have to / you needn’t. 2 must是说话人的主观看法, 而have to则强调客观需要。Must只有一般现在时, have to 有更多的时态形式。 1. he play isn’t interesting, I really must go now. 2. I had to work when I was your age. 3 表示推测、可能性只用于肯定的陈述句 1. You’re Tom’s good friend, so you must know what he likes best. 2. Your mother must be waiting for you now. 四、 dare, need 1 dare作情态动词用时, 常用于疑问句、否定句和条件从句中, 过去式形式为dared。 1. How dare you say I’m unfair? 2. He daren’t speak English before such a crowd, dare he? 3. If we dared not go there that day, we couldn’t get the beautiful flowers. 2 need 作情态动词用时, 常用于疑问句、否定句。在肯定句中一般用must, have to, ought to, should代替。 1.You needn’t e so early. 2. ---- Need I finish the work today? ---- Yes, you must. / No, you needn’t. 3 dare和 need作实义动词用时, 有人称、时态和数的变化。在肯定句中,dare后面常接带to的不定式。在疑问句和否定句中,dare后面可接带to或不带to的不定式。而need后面只能接带to的不定式。 1. I dare to swim across this river. 2. He doesn’t dare to answer. 3. He needs to finish his homework today.
英语情态动词的用法
英语情态动词的用法 导语:情态动词有很多,它们的用法都是怎样的?下面是我整理的英语情态动词的用法,欢迎参考! 情态动词有can (could), may (might), must, have to, shall (should, will (would), dare (dared), need (needed), ought to等。 情态动词无人称和数的变化;不能单独使用,必须与其后的动词原形构成谓语。 一、 can, could 1) 表示能力(体力、知识、技能)。 Can you lift this heavy box?(体力) Mary can speak three languages.(知识) Can you skate?(技能) 此时可用be able to代替。Can只有一般现在时和一般过去式;而be able to则有更多的时态。 I'll not be able to come this afternoon. 当表示“经过努力才得以做成功某事”时应用be able to,不能用Can。如: He was able to go to the party yesterday evening in spite of the heavy rain. 2) 表示请求和允许。 -----Can I go now? ----- Yes, you can. / No, you can't. 此时可与may互换。在疑问句中还可用could,might代替,不是过去式,只是语气更委婉,不能用于肯定句和答语中。 ---- Could I come to see you tomorrow? ---- Yes, you can. ( No, I'm afraid not. ) 3) 表示客观可能性(客观原因形成的能力)。 They've changed the timetable, so we can go by bus instead. This hall can hold 500 people at least. 4) 表示推测(惊讶、怀疑、不相信的.态度),用于疑问句、否定句和感叹句中。 Can this be true? This can't be done by him. How can this be true? 二、 may, might 1) 表示请求和允许。might比 may语气更委婉,而不是过去式。否定回答时可用can't或mustn't,表示“不可以,禁止”。 ----Might/ May I smoke in this room? ---- No, you mustn't. ---- May/Might I take this book out of the room? ---- Yes, you can. (No, you can't / mustn't. ) 用May I...?征徇对方许可时比较正式和客气,而用Can I...?在口语中更常见。 2)用于祈使句,表示祝愿。 May you succeed! 3) 表示推测、可能性(不用于疑问句)。 might不是过去式,它所表示的可能性比may小。 1.He may /might be very busy now. 2.Your mother may /might not know the truth. 三、 must, have to 1) 表示必须、必要。 You must come in time. 在回答引出的问句时,如果是否定的,不能用mustn't(禁止,不准),而用needn't, don't have to(不必). ---- Must we hand in our exercise books today? ---- Yes, you must. ---- No, you don't have to / you needn't. 2) must是说话人的主观看法, 而have to则强调客观需要。Must只有一般现在时, have to 有更多的时态形式。 1. he play isn't interesting, I really must go now. 2. I had to work when I was your age. 3) 表示推测、可能性(只用于肯定的陈述句) 1. You're Tom's good friend, so you must know what he likes best. 2. Your mother must be waiting for you now. 四、 dare, need 1) dare作情态动词用时, 常用于疑问句、否定句和条件从句中, 过去式形式为dared。 1. How dare you say I'm unfair? 2. He daren't speak English before such a crowd, dare he? 3. If we dared not go there that day, we couldn't get the beautiful flowers. 2) need 作情态动词用时, 常用于疑问句、否定句。在肯定句中一般用must, have to, ought to, should代替。 1.You needn't come so early. 2. ---- Need I finish the work today? ---- Yes, you must. / No, you needn't. 3) dare和 need作实义动词用时, 有人称、时态和数的变化。在肯定句中,dare后面常接带to的不定式。在疑问句和否定句中,dare后面可接带to或不带to的不定式。而need后面只能接带to的不定式。 1. I dare to swim across this river. 2. He doesn't dare (to) answer. 3. He needs to finish his homework today. 五、 shall, should 1) shall 用于第一人称,征求对方的意见。 What shall we do this evening? 2) shall 用于第二、三人称,表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁。 1. You shall fail if you don't work hard.(警告) 2. He shall have the book when I finish it.(允诺) 3. He shall be punished.(威胁) 六、 will, would 1) 表示请求、建议等,would更委婉。 Will / Would you pass me the ball, please? 2) 表示意志、愿望和决心。 1. I will never do that again. 2. They asked him if he would go abroad. 3) would表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向。would表示过去习惯时比used to正式,且没有“现已无此习惯”的含义。 1. During the vacation, he would visit me every other day. 2. The wound would not heal. 4) 表示估计和猜想。 It would be about ten o'clock when she left home. 七、 should, ought to 1) should, ought to表示“应该”,ought to表示义务或责任,比should语气重。 1. I should help her because she is in trouble. 2. You ought to take care of the baby. 2) 表示劝告、建议和命令。should, ought to可通用,但在疑问句中常用should。 1. You should / ought to go to class right away. 2. Should I open the window? 3) 表示推测 should , ought to (客观推测), must(主观推测)。 1.He must be home by now. (断定他已到家) 2.He ought to/should be home by now.(不太肯定) 3. This is where the oil must be.(直爽) 4. This is where the oil ought to/should be.(含蓄) 八、 情态动词+不定式完成式(have done) 1) can / could + have done在肯定句中表示“本来可以做而实际上能做某事”,是虚拟语气;在疑问句或否定句中表示对过去行为的怀疑或不肯定, 表示推测。 1. You could have done better, but you didn't try your best. (虚拟语气) 2. He can't have been to that town.(推测) 3. Can he have got the book?(推测) 2) may / might +不定式完成式(have done) 表示对过去行为的推测。不能用于疑问句中,没有虚拟语气的用法。Might所表示的可能性比may小。 1. He may not have finished the work . 2. If we had taken the other road, we might have arrived earlier. 3)must +不定式完成式(have done) 用于肯定句中,表示对过去行为的推测。意为“一定、想必”。其疑问、否定形式用can,can't代替。参看1) can / could + have done表示推测。 1. You must have seen the film Titanic. 2. He must have been to Shanghai. 4)should +不定式完成式(have done) 用于肯定句中,表示对过去行为的推测。 He should have finished the work by now。 表示“本应该做而实际上没有做某事”,其否定式表示某种行为本不该发生却发生了。可以与ought to +不定式完成式(have done)互换。 1. You ought to / should have helped him. (but you didn't.) 2. She shouldn't have taken away my measuring tape, for I wanted to use it. 5) needn't +不定式完成式(have done) 表示“本来不必做而实际上做了某事”。 You needn't have watered the flowers, for it is going to rain. 6) will +不定式完成式(have done) 主要用于第二、三人称,表示对已完成的动作或事态的推测。 He will have arrived by now. ;
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