虚拟语气讲解(虚拟语气讲解视频新东方)

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摘要今天我们来聊聊虚拟语气讲解,以下6个关于虚拟语气讲解的观点希望能帮助到您找到想要的大学知识。本文目录虚拟语气的用法讲解虚拟语气请大家讲解虚拟语气的用法虚拟语气的相关知识内容解析英语语法虚拟语气讲解英语...

今天我们来聊聊虚拟语气讲解,以下6个关于虚拟语气讲解的观点希望能帮助到您找到想要的大学知识。

本文目录

  • 虚拟语气的用法讲解
  • 虚拟语气
  • 请大家讲解虚拟语气的用法
  • 虚拟语气的相关知识内容解析
  • 英语语法虚拟语气讲解
  • 英语虚拟语气语法讲解越详细越好
  • 虚拟语气的用法讲解

    虚拟语气的用法讲解 第一部分:语气的定义和种类 1 语气(mood) 语气是动词的一种形式,表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。 2 语气的种类 ⑴、陈述语气:表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的,用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句。如: ①There are two sides to every question.每个问题都有两个方面。 ②Were you busy all day yesterday?昨天一整天你都很忙吗? ③How good a teacher she is!她是多好的一位老师啊! ⑵、祈使语气:表示说话人对对方的请求或命令。如: ①Never be late again!再也不要迟到了。 ②Don’t forget to turn off the light.别忘了关灯。 ⑶、虚拟语气:表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实,而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。如: ①If I were a bird, I could fly in the air.如果我是一只小鸟,我就能在空中飞行。 ②I wish I could pass the examination.我希望我能通过考试。 ③May you succeed!祝您成功! 虚拟语气在语法里算得上是个难点。让我们就从最简单的开始吧。 第二部分:简单句中的虚拟语气 一、情态动词的过去式用于现在时态时,表示说话人的谦虚、客气、有礼貌、或委婉的语气,常用于日常会话中。如: ⑴.Would you be kind enough to show me the way to the post office?请你告诉我去邮局的路好吗? ⑵.It would be better for you not to stay up too late.你别熬夜到很晚。 二、表祝愿。 1、常用“may+动词原形”表示祝愿,但愿,此时may须置于句首(多用于正式文体中)。 ⑴、May good luck be yours!祝你好运! ⑵、May you be happy!祝你快乐! ⑶、May you do even better!祝你取得更大成就! ⑷、May you have a good time. 祝愿你玩的痛快。 ⑸、May the friendship between us last long. 祝愿我们的友情天长地久。 ⑹、May you be happy. (注意那个be ) 祝你幸福。 2、用动词原形。例如: (1).Long live the people! 人民万岁! (2).“God bless you,”said the priest.牧师说:“愿上帝保佑你!” (3).Have a good journey! 祝愿你旅途愉快! 三、表示强烈愿望。(该类型虚拟语气谓语仅用动词原形,第三人称单数也不加“s”) (1).God save me. (2).Heaven help us. 四、表命令 1.命令虚拟语气只能用在第二人称(you),而且通常省略主语(也就是you)。 2.句子尾通常加上感叹号:! 3.虚拟语气动词用一般现在时态(Simple Present),如:work, be , go 4.否定形式的命令语气,可用助动词do,加上not。 (1). Work ! (2). Work harder ! (3). Be more alert ! (虚拟语气动词Be) (4). You go out ! (5). Do not work so hard. (do not 表示否定的虚拟语气) (6). Don't be afraid. (口语中常用don't 代替do not) 五、在一些习惯表达中。如: (1).You’d better set off now.你现在就出发。 (2).I’d rather not tell you the secret.我情愿不告诉你这个秘密。 第三部分:名词性从句中的虚拟语气 第一节:宾语从句(Subordinate Clasue)中的虚拟语气 一、在动词wish后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气 在动词wish后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气,常省去宾语从句的引导词that。 一)、对现在情况的虚拟(与现在的事实相反): 从句用过去式或过去进行式(时间上是同时的)。其句子结构为:宾语从句的谓语be和were(was),实义动词用过去式。例: 1. I wish (that可省略,下同)I knew the answer to the question.(wish, 动词过去式knew)我希望知道这个答案。(事实上是不知道) 2. I wish it were spring in my hometown all the year around.(wish, were)但愿我的家乡四季如春。(事实上不可能) 3. I wish I were a bird.(wish, were)但愿我是只小鸟。(事实上不可能) 4. When she was at the party,she wished she were at home.(wished,过去虚拟动词were)(事实上并不在家) 5. Now that he is in China, he wishes he understood Chinese.(wishes,过去虚拟动词understood) 现在他在中国,他希望能懂得中文。(事实上并不懂) 6. When we begin the trip, they will wish they were with us.(will wish,过去虚拟动词were)(事实上并不和我们在一起) 二)、对过去情况的虚拟(和过去的事实相反): 用wish表示对过去事情的遗憾。其句子结构为:宾语从句的谓语用过去完成时,或would, could, might+现在完成时。例: 1. I wish (that可省略,下同)I hadn't wasted so much time. 我后悔不该浪费这么多时间。(事实上已浪费了) 2. He wishes he hadn't lost the chance. 他真希望没有失去机会。(其实已失去) 3. We wished he had spoken to us. (wished,had + spoken)(事实上他并没同我们讲) 4. I wish you had called earlier. (wish, had + called)(事实上已迟了) 5. They will wish they had listened to us sooner. (will wish,had + listened)(事实上并不如此) 例题分析:I wish I ______ longer this morning, but I had to get up and come to class. A. could have slept   B. slept  C. might have slept   D. have slept 动词wish后面接从句,表达不可能实现或与事实相反的情况时,谓语动词要用虚拟语气,即用过去式(表示现在发生的动作)或过去完成式(表示过去发生的动作)。本题后半句谓语动词have用的是过去时had  to get up and come, 所以前面要用过去完成时表示过去发生的动作。所以, 选项A)could have slept是答案 三)、对将来情况的虚拟(表示将来的主观愿望): 从句动词"would/should/could/might + 动词原形"(时间上较后)(请注意:主句和从句的主语不相同)。用wish表示对将来事情的愿望。例: 1. I wish it would stop raining.(虚拟动词would+动词原形stop) 我希望雨能停止。(事实上雨还在下着呢) 2. I wish you would be quiet.(would + be) 我希望你安静一些。(事实上那家伙还在吵着呢) 3. You wished she would arrive the next day.(would + arrive) 你希望她第二天会到。(事实上她还没到) 4. I wish she would change her mind.(would + change) 我希望她会改变主意。(呵呵,女孩子可没那么容易就改变主意喔) 5. He will wish we would join him the following week.(would + join) (只是希望我们和他在一起,实际上还没在一起) 四)、注意: 1.如果将wish改为过去式wished, 其后that 从句中的动词形式不变。例如: I wished I hadn't spent so much money. 我要是那时没有花掉那么多钱就好了。 2. 如果that 从句中用would , 一般表示对现状不满或希望未来有所改变或请求 I wish he would answer my letter. I wish prices would come down. I wish you would help me. I wish you would stop asking silly questions. 二、在表示建议、命令、要求、忠告等动词的后面的宾语从句中的虚拟语气 由于这些动词本身隐含说话者的主观意见,认为某事应该或不应该怎样,这些词语后面的“that”从句应用虚拟语气,且均以“should+动词原形”表示这种语气,但事实上“should”常被省略,故此从句中谓语动词用原形,常用的此类动词有: 表示“要求”的:ask, desire, request, demand, require, beg 表示“提议、劝告、建议”的:move, prpose, suggest, recommend, advise, vote 表示“决定、命令”的:decide, order 表示“主张”的:maintain, urge 表示“同意、坚持”的:consent, insist 例如: 1.The doctor suggested that he (should) try to lose his weight. 2.He insisted that we (should ) tell him the news. 3.When I suggested that he try shaving cream, he said, “The razor and water do the job. ”(当我建议他用刮胡膏时,他说“剃刀和水就行了”。) 4.He pursued various theories for several days until I suggested we take the toy apart to see how it did work. (他费了几天功夫寻找理论根据,直到我建议拆开看看它是如何转动的。) 5.One can suggest that students should spend two or three years in an Englishspeaking country. (我们建议学生应在说英语的国家呆上两三年。) 在表示命令、建议、要求等一类动词后面的从句中虚拟语气很普遍,其结构如: order, suggest, propose, require, demand, request, insist, command, insist +... (should) do  6.I suggest that we (should) hold a meeting next week. 7.He insisted that he (should ) be sent there. 但注意:在insist 后的从句中, 如果是坚持自己, 用陈述语气, 坚持别人做什么事情, 用虚拟语气. 8.she insists that she is right. 9.she insisted that I should finish the work at once. 或者说,suggest, insist不表示建议或坚持要某人做某事时,即它们用于其本意暗示、表明、坚持认为时,宾语从句用陈述语气。 10.The guard at gate insisted that everybody obey the rules.  判断改错: (错)11. You pale face suggests that you (should) be ill.  (对)12. Your pale face suggests that you are ill. (错)13. I insisted that you ( should) be wrong. (对)14. I insisted that you were wrong. 例题分析:15.It is politely requested by the hotel management that radios ______ after 11 o'clock at night. A. were not played   B. not be played  C. not to play     D. did not play 全句意思是:“旅馆管理部门恳请客人晚上11点后不要打开收音机”。句中的谓语动词request(请求)所引出的从句应当用虚拟语气,即动词原形或“should+动词原形”。本句的主语从句中,主语radio是谓语动词play 的客体,谓语应当用被动语态。所以,答案是C) not be played。在上述这类句子中不能用动词过去时形式表示虚拟语气,所以A)不正确。选项B) not to play是动词带to的不定式,不能在句中作谓语。选项D)did not play也是动词play的过去时形式,同样不能在本句中作为虚拟语气来使用。而且,它是主动语态形式,而本题要用被动语态。 练习: 16). The chairman requested that . [A]the members studied more carefully the problem [B]the problem was more carefulnessly studied [C]with more carefulness the problem could be studied [D]the members study the problem more carefully 17). The committee recommends that the matter at the next meeting . [A]would be discussed [B]will be discussed [C]be discussed [D]may be discussed 18). The doctor insisted that his patient . [A]that he not work too hard for three months [B]take it easy for three months [C]taking it easy inside of three months [D]to take some vacations for three months 三、在expect, believe, think, suspect等动词的否定或疑问形式后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气 在expect, believe, think, suspect等动词的否定或疑问形式后的宾语从句中,我们经常用“should+动词原形(或完成形式)”,表示惊奇,怀疑,不满等。 I never thought that he should be such a brave young soldier.  我们从来没想到他是个如此勇敢的小战士。 练习: 1) that the time will soon be ripe for intervention in Iran,they would be faced by a large army? [A]It is believed [B]Should they believe [C]They would believe [D]If they would believe 2) I think it advisable that he for Tokyo soon. [A]will leave [B]may leave [C]leave [D]leaves 四、would rather , would sooner,had rather, would (just) as soon ,would prefer之后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气 would rather , would sooner, had rather, would (just) as soon,would prefer(希望)也用来表达主观愿望,它们之后的宾语从句中需用虚拟语气。谓语动词用过去式表示现在或将来,用过去完成式表示与过去事实相反。表示”宁愿做什么”或"对过去做的事的懊悔"。 (1).I would rather he came tomorrow than today. (2).John would rather that she had not gone to the party yesterday evening. (3).Don' t live in the world, I would rather( I would just as soon) you die. (4).I would rather you go tomorrow. (5).I would rather everything hadn' t happened in the past. (6).The manager would rather his daughter did not work in the same office.经理宁愿她女儿不与他在同一间办公室工作。 (7).To be frank,I'd rather you were not involved in the case.坦率地说,我希望你不要卷入这件事。 (8).You don't have to be in such a hurry.I would rather you went on business first.你没有必要这么着急,我宁愿你先去上班。 (9).I'd rather you didn't make any comment on the issue for the time being.我倒希望你暂时先不要就此事发表意见。 (10).Frankly speaking ,I'd rather you didn't do anything about it for the time being.坦白地说,我宁愿你现在对此事什么也不要做。 (11).Wouldn't you rather your child went to bed early?为什么你不愿让你的孩子早点上床呢? (12).I would just as soon you had returned the book yesterday.我真希望你昨天把这本书还了。 注:①若某人愿自己做某事,would rather后用动词原形 I would rather stay at home today. ②would rather...than...中用动词原形 I would rather stay at home than go out today. 五、“had hoped”后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气 用“had hoped”表示原来希望做到而实际上未能实现的事情,其宾语从句的谓语用“would+动词原形”。 I had hoped that she would go to the U.S. and study there, but she said she liked to stay in China.我原本希望她到美国去念书,但她说她喜欢留在中国。 第二节:主语从句中的虚拟语气 一、“It is (was)+形容词(或过去分词)+that……”结构中的虚拟语气 在形如“It is (was)+形容词(或过去分词)+that……”结构中,使用某些表示愿望、建议、请求、命令、可能、适当、较好、迫切、紧近、重要等形容词后的主语从句的谓语也用虚拟语气。其表达形式为should +动词原形或省略should直接用动词原形(美国英语中省去should) 常用的形容词:* natural (自然的), appropriate (适当的),advisable (合适的), preferable (更可取的), better (更好的)* necessary (必须的), important (重要的), imperative (急需的), urgent (急迫的), essential (本质的), vital (必不可少的)* probable (很可能的), possible (可能的)* desirable (极好的)advisable(合理的),compulsory(必须的),crucial(紧急的),desirable(理想的),essential(必要的),imperative(迫切的),incredible(惊人的),necessary(必要的),possible(可能的),strange(奇怪的),urgent(紧迫的)。 常用的过去分词(Past Participle):* required (需要的), demanded (要求), requested (被请求的), desired (要求)* suggested (建议), recommended (推荐)* orderd (命令) 1. It is necessary that we (should 可省略,下同)have a walk now.(necessary, should + have) (表示有需要去散步) 2.It was necessary that we (should) make everything ready ahead of time.(necessary, should + make) (表示有必要事先做好准备) 3. It is required that nobody (should) smoke here.(required, should + smoke) (表示要求不要在此抽烟) 4. It is important that every pupil (should) be able to understand therule of school.(important, should + be) (表示重要的是学生都能了解校规) 5. It's important that we (should) take good care of the patient.(important, should + take) (表示重要的是照顾好病人) 6. It is natural that she should do so. (形容词natural, should+动词原形do) 7.It is essential that these application forms be sent back as early as possible.这些申请表应尽早地寄回,这是很重要的。 8.It is vital that enough money be collected to fund the project.重要的是募集足够的钱,为这个项目提供资金。 9.It is desired that we(should)get everything ready this evening.希望我们今晚一切都准备就绪。 注:在上述所列形容词后面用that引出的宾语从句中,谓语动词也要用虚拟语气。 10.I don't think it advisable that Tom be assigned to the job since he has no experience.汤姆缺乏经验,指派他做这项工作我认为是不恰当的。 二、在It is +名词+that…的主语从句中的虚拟语气 在It is +名词+that的主语从句中,常用虚拟语气,表示建议、命令、请求、道歉、怀疑、惊奇等。这类名词 有:advice ,decision ,desire ,demand ,idea,motion ,order,pity ,preference ,proposal,recommendation , requirement,resolution,shame,suggestion,surprise,wish,wonder等。 ⑴、It is my proposal that he be sent to study further abroad.我建议派他去国外进一步学习。 第三节:虚拟语气用在表语从句或同位语从句中 当某些表示建议、请求、命令等主观意向的名词作主语时,其后的表语从句或同位语从句需用虚拟语气,其表达形式为should +动词原形或直接用动词原形。这类名词常见的有: demand (要求), desire (请求),requirment (要求) advice (劝告), recommendation (建议),suggestion (建议) order (命令) necessity (必要地), preference (优先) proposal (计划), plan (计划), idea (办法), recommendation以及plan,idea,resolution等。 We are all for your proposal that the discussion be put off.我们都赞成你提出的将讨论延期的建议。 The suggestion that the mayor present the prizes was accepted by  everyone.由市长颁发奖金的建议被每个人接受。 ⑴、 The advice is that we (should 可省略,下同) leave at once. (名词advice,should + leave) (表示加以劝告) ⑵、 My idea is that we (should) get more people to attend the  conference. (idea, should + get) (表示做出主意) ⑶、 I make a proposal that we (should) hold a meeting next week. (proposal, should + hold) (表示做出计划) ⑷、 The judge assented to the suggestion that . [A]both of the criminals will soon be set freedom [B]some of the criminals there are of guilt only [C]the girl was to be paroled in the custody of a welfare society [D]the prisoner be sentenced to death

    虚拟语气

    虚拟语气主要用来表示假设,而非客观存在的事实,所陈述的是一个条件,不一定是事实,甚至完全与事实相反。虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。

    1、陈述语气

    表示动作或状态是客观存在的、确定的或符合事实的,用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句中。如:

    Iraq is an Asian country伊拉克是亚洲国家。(肯定句)

    2、祈使语气

    表示说话人对对方的请求、警告,建议或命令。如:

    Please come over here. 请到这边来。

    3、虚拟语气

    虚拟语气表示说话人的主观愿望、猜疑、建议或与事实不符的假设等,而不表示客观存在的事实。虚拟语气是由句中的谓语动词的特殊形式表示出来的。如:

    If I were a bird,I would be able to fly in the air如果我是一只小鸟,我就能在空中飞行。

    扩展资料:

    应用条件:

    在表示假想的虚假的、与事实相反的或难以实现的情况时用虚拟语气,表示主观愿望或某种强烈情感时,也用虚拟语气。即当一个人说话时欲强调其所说的话是基于自己的主观想法,愿望,假想,猜测,怀疑或建议,而不是根据客观实际,就用虚拟语气。主要是英语语法的一种表达。

    虚拟语气表示说话者做出的假设而非事实,或难以实现的情况,甚至表达彻底相反的概念。此外如需表达主观愿望或某种强烈的感情时,也可用虚拟语气。

    参考资料来源:百度百科——虚拟语气

    请大家讲解虚拟语气的用法

    虚拟语气 概念 虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想,而不表示客观存在的事实,所说的是一个条件,不一定是事实,或与事实相反.虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示.英语中的语气分为陈述语气、祈使语气、虚拟语气三类. 应用条件   在表示虚假的、与事实相反的或难以实现的情况时用虚拟语气,表示主观愿望或某种强烈情感时,也用虚拟语气.即当一个人说话时欲强调其所说的话是基于自己的主观想法,而不是根据客观实际,就用虚拟语气. 在非真实条件状语从句中的用法 真实条件状语从句与非真实条件状语从句 条件句可分为两类,一类为真实条件句,一类为非真实条件句.非真实条件句表示的是假设或实际可能性不大的情况,故采用虚拟语气.   例: If he doesn’t hurry up, he will miss the bus. 如果他不快点,他将错过巴士.( 真实)  If he is free, he will ask me to tell stories. 如果他是空闲的,他会要求我讲故事.(真实)  If I were you, I would go at once.如果我是你,我马上就会去. (非真实,虚拟语气)  If there were no air, people would die. 如果没有空气,人就会死亡.(非真实,虚拟语气) 用法及动词形式 从句主句 与现在事实相反If+主语+did (be动词were)主语+should/would/ could/might+do 与过去事实相反If+主语+had done主语+should/would/ could/might+have done 与将来事实相反1.If+主语+did 2.If+主语+were to 3.If+主语+should主语+should/would/ could/might+do 例句: 表示与现在事实相反的情况:   例: 1. If I were you, I would take an umbrella.  如果我是你,我会带把伞.(事实:我不可能是你)  2.If I knew his telephone number, I would tell you.  如果我知道他的电话号码,我就会告诉你.(事实:不知道)  3.If there were no air or water, there would be no living things on the earth.  如果没有水和空气,地球上就不会有生物.(事实:地球上既有空气也有水)  4.If I had any money with me, I could lend you some.  如果我带钱了,我就会借给你些.(事实:没带钱)  5.If he studied harder, he might pass the exam.  如果他再努力些,就能通过考试了.(事实:没有努力)   2、表示与过去事实相反的情况  例:1. If I had gotten there earlier, I should/could have met her. 如果我早到那儿,我就会见到她.  (事实:去晚了)  2.If he had taken my advice, he would not have made such a mistake. 如果他听我的劝告的话,就不会犯这样的错误了.  (事实:没有听我的话)   表示对将来情况的主观推测,与将来事实相反 例:1.If he should come here tomorrow, I should/would talk to him.  如果他哪天来这儿的话,我就跟他谈谈. (事实:来的可能性很小)  2.If there were a heavy snow next Sunday, we would not go skating.  如果下周日下大雪,我们就不能去滑冰了.(事实:不知能否下雪)  3.If she were to be there next Monday, I would tell her about the matter.  如果她下周一来这儿的话,我就会告诉她这件事的始末.   有时,虚拟条件句中,结果主句和条件从句的谓语动作若不是同时发生时,虚拟语气的形式应作相应的调整.   ①从句的动作与过去事实相反,而主句的动作与现在或现在正在发生的事实不符.  如:  If I had worked hard at school, I would be an engineer, too.  如果我在学校学习刻苦的话,我现在也会成为一个工程师了  If they had informed us, we would not come here now.  如果他们通知过我们的话,我们现在就不会来这里了.  ②从句的动作与现在事实相反,而主句的动作与过去事实不符.  如:  If he were free today, we would have sent him to Beijing.  如果他今天有空的话,我们会已经派他去北京了.  If he knew her, he would have greeted her.  要是他认识她的话,他肯定会去问候她了.   当虚拟条件句的谓语动词含有were, should, had时,if可以省略,这时条件从句要用倒装语序,即将were, should, had等词置于句首,这种多用于书面语.  如:  Should he agree to go there, we would send him there.  要是他答应去的话,我们就派他去.  Were she here, she would agree with us.  如果她在这儿的话,她会同意我们的.  Had he learnt about computers, we would have hired him to work here.  如果他懂一些电脑知识的话,我们已经聘用他来这里工作了.   非真实条件句中的条件从句有时不表达出来,只暗含在副词、介词短语、上下文或其他方式表示出来,这种句子叫做含蓄条件句,在多数情况下,条件会暗含在短语中,如without…., but for….等 如: But for his help, we would be working now.  要不是他的帮助,我们还会在工作呢.  Without your instruction, I would not have made such great progress.  要是没有你的指导,我不会取得如此大的进步.  We didn’t know his telephone number; otherwise we would have telephoned him.  我们不知道他的电话号码,否则我们就会给他打电话.   有时,虚拟条件句中,主、从句可以省略其中的一个,来表示说话人的一种强烈的感情.   ①省略从句  He would have finished it. 他本该完成了.  You could have passed this exam. 你应该能通过这次考试了.   ②省略主句  If I were at home now. 要是我现在在家里该多好啊.  If only I had got it. 要是我得到它了该多好啊.、 虚拟语气的其他用法 用在wish 后的宾语从句 a、表示与现在事实相反的愿望,谓语动词用过去式   eg. I wish I had your brains.  我希望我有你那样的头脑.(事实:我根本比不上你)   b、表示与过去事实相反的愿望,谓语动词:had+done   eg: I wish I had known the truth of the matter.  我希望我原来知道这件事的真相.(事实:原来不知道)   c、表示将来难以实现的愿望,谓语动词:should/would + 动词原形 eg. I wish I should have a chance again.  我希望我还能有一次这样的机会.(事实:很难再有这样的机会了)   (注:if only和as if/as though也有相同用法) 用在目的状语从句中   1.在for fear that, in case, lest引导的从句中,若用虚拟语气时,从句谓语为:should + 动词原形.并且 should不能省略 eg.She examined the door again for fear that a thief should come in.  她又把门检查了一遍,以防盗贼的进入.  He started out earlier lest he should be late.  他很早就出发了以防迟到.   在so that, in order that所引导的目的状语从句中,从句中的谓语为:can / may / could / might / will / would / should + 动词原形.   eg.He goes closer to the speaker so that he can hear him clearer. 他走近说话的人以便能听得更清楚.  He read the letter carefully in order that he should not miss a word. 他把信读得很仔细以便不漏掉一个单词. 其他用法 1、一想要(desire)二宁愿(prefer)三命令(order, command)四建议(advice. Suggest, propose)五要求(demand , require, request , desire , insist)中,无论主句谓语动词为何种时态,从句的谓语动词都用:“should + 动词原形”或只用“动词原形”.  如:  He suggested that we (should) takethe teacher’s advice.  He insisted that we (should) takethe teacher’s advice.  He demand that we (should) takethe teacher’s advice.  He ordered that we (should) takethe teacher’s advice.   insist如果翻译成坚持某种动作才用虚拟语气;翻译成坚持某种观点就不用虚拟语气.    如:He insist he is a student.  他坚持说他是个学生.  这个语句表示的是事实,因此在这个语句中不能使用虚拟语气.   suggest意为“建议”才用虚拟语气,意为“暗示”则不用虚拟语气.  如: His face suggests that he looks worried .  他的表情暗含着他很担心.  这个句子本身是事实,因此它就没有用到虚拟语气.   2、表情绪.观点的形容词或名词也要用虚拟语气.如:necessary、important、impossible、natural、strange、surprising、funny、right、wrong、better、a pity等. 句型:It is.that +主语从句,从句的谓语动词都要用should+原型 或只用动词原型.   在even if, even though 所引导的让步状语从句中,可用虚拟语气,主句、从句的结构与if所引导的条件从句结构相同.如:  Even if he were here himself, he should not know what to do.  即使他亲自来也不知该怎么办.(事实:他没来)  Nobody could save him even though Hua Tuo should come here.  即使华佗在世也救不了他.(事实:华佗不在世)   在whatever,whichever,whenever,whoever, wherever,however, no matter wh-word 等引导的让步状语从句中,从句虚拟语气结构为:  指现在或将来: may +动词原形.  如:  We will finish it on time no matter what may happen.  不管发生什么事,我们都要按时完成.  We will find him wherever he may be.  无论他在哪里,我们都要找到他.  I will wait for him no matter how late he may come.  不管他来的多么晚,我都会等他.  指过去: may +完成式 .  如:  You mustn’t be proud whatever great progress you may have made.  不管你取得了多么大的进步,你也不能骄傲.  We must respect him no matter what mistakes he may have made.  不管他犯过什么错误,我们必须尊敬他.   5、一般would rather, had rather, would sooner等之后的宾语从句常表示与客观事实不相符的一种愿望,故使用虚拟语气.其虚拟语气的结构为:   过去: had + 过去分词 ; 现在: 过去时(be用were ) ; 将来: 过去时(be用were )  如:  I’d rather you had seen the film yesterday.  我倒想你昨天看过了这场电影.  I’d rather you were here now.  我倒想你现在在这儿.  We’d rather you went here tomorrow.  我们倒想你明天去那儿   虚拟语气还可用在定语从句中,表示:“早该做某事了”时,定语从句中的谓语动词须用虚拟语气,其虚拟语气的结构为:It is (high / about) time that + 主语+ 动词的过去式/ should + 动词原形,即从句用虚拟过去式.  如  It is time that I went to pick up my daughter at school.  我该去学校接我的女儿了.  It is high time you should go to work.  你早该上班了.   简单句中的虚拟语气   说话时,为了表示客气、谦虚、委婉而有礼貌,言语常使用虚拟语气.其虚拟语气的结构形式常为:would / could / might / should + 动词原形.  如:  Would you mind my shutting the door?  我把门关起来你介意吗?  You should always learn this lesson by heart.  你要把这个教训牢记于心.  I should agree with you.  我应该同意你的观点.   表示“祝愿”时,常用may + 主语+ 动词原形.  如:  May you have a good journey!  祝你一路顺风.  May your youth last for ever!  祝你青春永驻.   (3)表示强烈的“愿望”、“祝愿”时,常用动词原形.  如:  Long live the Communist Party of China.  中国共产党万岁.  God bless us.  上帝保佑.   (4) 习惯表达中常用的虚拟语气. ① 提出请求或邀请.如:  Would you like to have a talk with us this evening?  今天晚上来跟我们聊天好吗?  Could I use your bike now?  我可以用一下你的单车吗?  ② 陈述自己的观点或看法.如:  I should glad to meet you.  见到你我会很高兴.  I would try my best to help you.  我会尽力帮助你.  ③提出劝告或建议.如:  You’d better ask your father first.  你最好先问一问你的父亲.  You should make a full investigation of it first.  你应该先全面调查一番.  ④ 提出问题.如:  Do you think he could get here on time?  你认为他能按时来吗?  Do you expect he would tell us the truth?  你期望他会告诉我们真相吗?  ⑤ 表示对过去情况的责备时,常用虚拟语气.其虚拟语气的结构为:情态动词 + have + 过去分词.  如:  You should have got here earlier. 你应该早就到这里了.  You should have returned it to him. 你应该把它还给他了.   省略的虚拟条件句型 省略连词if 有时可将条件从句的连词if省略,但此时应用倒装句型,即将从句中的were, should, had 等提到句首:  Were I Tom, I would refuse. 如果我是汤姆,我会拒绝.  I will go, should it be necessary. 假若有必要,我会去的.  Had it not been for the bad weather we would have arrived in time. 若不是天气坏,我们就准时到达了.   【注】  ① 若条件从句为否定句,否定词not应置于主语之后,而不能与were, should, had 等缩略成Weren’t, Shouldn’t, Hadn’t而置于句首.  ② 有时省略if后提前的had不是助动词:  Had I time, I would come. 假若我有时间,我会来的.(=If I had time…) 省略条件句的主语和其后的动词be   若主从句主语一致,且谓语部分包含有动词be,通常可将主语和动词be省略:  If repaired earlier, the tractor would not have broken down.  要是早点儿修一下,拖拉机就不会抛锚了.(=If it had been repaired earlier…) 省略“it+be”   If necessary, I would send more farm-hands to help you.  如果需要的话我会派更多的民工去帮你.(=If it was necessary, I would…) 省略整个条件从句   这样的省略通常需要借助一定的上下文,即省略条件从句后,所剩下的主句的意思在一定的上下文中意思是清楚的:  I might see her personally. It would be better. 我可以亲自去看她,这样好一些.(=…If I saw her personally, it would be better.) 在含蓄条件句中的用法  (1) 条件暗含在短语中.如:  We didn’t know his telephone number; otherwise we would have telephoned him.  我们不知道他的电话号码,否则我们就会给他打电话.(暗含条件是otherwise)  Without your help, we wouldn’t have achieved so much.  没有你的帮助,我们不可能取得这么大的成绩.  (暗含条件是介词短语without your help)  But for your help, I would not have succeeded in the experiment.  如果没有你的帮助,我的实验就不会成功.(暗含条件是but for your help)  It would cause great trouble not to lubricate the bearing immediately.  不立即润滑轴承就会引起很大的故障.  (暗含条件是not to lubricate the bearing immediately)  (2) 条件暗含在上下文中.如:  I would not have done it that way.  我是不会那么做的.(可能暗含if I were you)  I was busy that day. Otherwise I would have come to help you.  我那天很忙.否则我会来帮你的.(可能暗含if I hadn’t been so busy.)  You might come to join us in the discussion.  你可以参加我们的讨论.(可能暗含if you wanted to)  I would have bought the DVD player.  我是会买下那台影碟机的.(可能暗含if I had the money)  But for the storm, we should have arrived earlier.  要不是碰到暴雨,我们还会早些到.(可能暗含if it had not been for the storm).

    虚拟语气的相关知识内容解析

      编者按:虚拟语气意思就是:打一个和事实相反的比方来表达说话人的建议、劝告、惋惜、担忧或后悔的目的,因此虚拟语气和事实是相反的。下面我就来带你一起学习下,希望对大家有帮助。   1、什么是虚拟语气?   “虚”就是不实,就是和现实中的事实相反。“拟”就是比拟,也就是打比方,“虚拟”两字和在一起就是:打一个和事实相反的比方。   “语气”是表达说话人一种目的或意愿。比如直陈语气就是叙述一件事情;祈使语气表达说话人一种命令、劝告或建议。说白了,语气就是你说话想表达什么意愿。   虚拟语气这两个词加在一起的意思就是:打一个和事实相反的比方来表达说话人的建议、劝告、惋惜、担忧或后悔的目的。   既然是不现实的一种说法,因此虚拟语气和事实是相反的。   2、汉语中的虚拟语气   例句1:如果我是你,早就把简历交上去了。   “如果我是你”就是打一个和事实相反的比方,也就是“虚拟”。“早就把简历交上去了”就是由“虚拟”的事实推到出来的结果,也就是“语气”,用虚拟语气的目的就是劝别人做一件事:把简历交上去。   事情真实的情况是:我不是你也不可能是你,简历没有交上去。因为和事实相反,所以这句话是虚拟语气。   例句2:如果当时我在场,我一定不会让你当众出丑的。   “如果当时我在场”就是打一个和事实相反的比方,也就是虚拟。“不会让你当众出丑的”就是由虚拟的事实推到出来的结果,也就是“语气”,用虚拟语气的目的就是表达自己的后悔:你当众出丑了。   事实情况是:当时我没在场,你当众出丑了。因为和事实相反,所以这句话是虚拟语气。   这种和事实相反主要和时间有关:过去、现在和将来。   3、虚拟语气的三种情况   3-1、和过去事实相反:   我把这种情况称作“事后诸葛亮”。为什么这么说,因为这种情况都已经发生了,过去的结果已经无法改变了,就算诸葛亮来了也没办法改变这个已经发生的结果了。   比如上面提到的那句话:当时如果我在场,我一定不会让你当众出丑的。   你当众出丑是过去的事情,是无法改变的事实,而且我当时也没在场,不可能改变你出丑的结果。说这句话的意思就是表达说话人的悔意或者体现出他想帮助你的善意而已。   注意:汉语中的虚拟语气有很多时候不用“如果”,而是用“要是”,尤其在口语中,用“要是”显得更地道也更“虚拟”。   上面那句话就可以说成:当时要是我在场,我一定不会让你当众出丑的。一般来讲,在汉语中出现“要是”的话,基本上表达一种虚拟的假设,就是虚拟语气。   3-2、和现在事实相反:   我把这种情况称作“异想天开”。因为现在还没有发生,只是一种设想,这种设想的情况是和现在说这句话的时候的事实相反的。   比如:如果我中了五百万,我就分一百万给你。我要是中了五百万,就分一百万给你。   当说话人说这样的话的时候现在,他没有中五百万,你也没有得到一百万,所以是和现在的事实相反。但这种情况和第一种与过去事实相反是截然不同的,和过去事实相反的时候,之前的结果已成定局,无法改变曾经发生的事情,除非能穿越回去。但与现在事实相反的情况下,说话的内容以后是有可能发生的,虽然现在说话人当时并没中彩票,但中彩票是可能的事情。这种异想天开的话虽然是虚拟的,但听起来心里也是很高兴的,表达说话人的一种心愿或态度。   3-3、和将来事实相反:   我把这种情况称作“杞人忧天”。因为这种情况往往表达担忧一些事情发生的意思。   比如:如果明天是世界末日,我们可怎么办啊!   因为虚拟的条件“明天要是世界末日”和说话的时候现在事实并不相反,因此这句话不是和现在事实相反的虚拟语气,而是和以后将来事实相反的虚拟语气。和将来事实相反的虚拟语气往往表明担忧以后发生什么不好的事情,如果这种条件是不可能发生虚拟的,就要用虚拟语气,如果这种条件可能性很大,也可以用真实条件句来表示。在下面的讲解中我还要把两种情况进行比较。   注意:和将来事实相反的虚拟语气可以用“要是”来代替“如果”,但用“万一”更加体现出说话人的担心程度,所以用“万一”的时候显得虚拟程度更强。   例如:万一他有个三长两短,我们怎么向他父母交代啊。   说了这么多,还没出现一个英文字母,因为对虚拟语气的理解最为重要,理解好了以上三种情况,英语虚拟语气就非常简单了。   4、英语中的虚拟语气   4-1、条件句:是指一种表示假设的主从复合句,即条件状语从句简称条件句。一般由连词 if 引导的条件从句引出某种假设,再由主句表示基于这种假设下推出的结果。英语中的条件句分为真实条件句和非真实条件句两种,非真实条件句就是虚拟条件句,即虚拟语气。   4-1-1真实条件句:表示现实情况中可能实现的条件的情况。   例如:If you add two to three, you get five.   二加三等于五。   “用2加上3”是事实存在真实的条件,因此是真实条件句。   4-1-2非真实条件句:表示与现实情况相反的假想情况。   例如:If you were me, you would do the samething.   如果你是我,你也会那么做的。   “如果你是我”是事实不可能存在的非真实条件,也就是虚拟条件,因此这句话是非真实条件句,也就是虚拟语气。   4-2、形式和意义   英语的语法现象里面需要注意的一点是形式和意义,这一点和汉语不同,比如一般疑问句,英语要把系动词或助动词提前,形式上发生语序的变化,而汉语则不需要语序的变化,只需要在后面加上一个“吗”,再加上问号,用语调上加上一些变化就可以了,当然,英语也需要加上问号和语调变化。所谓的形式就是把助动词或系动词提前,意义就是由陈述一件事情变成了提出一个问题。相对来讲英语的语法比汉语要严谨一些,但还不如斯拉夫语系中比如俄语严谨。俄语属于曲折语言,英语属于半曲折语言。   在时态或语态中经常用形式区分不同的时态或语态,比如进行时的形式是be+doing,过去完成时的形式是had+ done;而被动语态则用be + done的形式来表达被动的含义。   形式可以区别各种时态或语态   意义就是这种时态和语态表示的动作状态,进行时表达的意义是正在进行的动作,过去完成时表达的意义是在过去的某个时间已经完成的动作,被动语态表达的意义就是主语是谓语动作的承受者。   形式起到了区别的作用,意义则体现出动作的状态   之前我们说过虚拟语气的意义,也就是通过打一个和事实相反的比方来达到建议、劝告或后悔等目的,下面我们来了解一下虚拟语气在英语中的形式:   4-2-1、和过去的事实相反事后诸葛亮 If 从句(动词形式) 主句(动词形式) had + done would/should/could/might have + 过去分词   条件状语从句动词用过去完成时的形式,因为明知道动作已经完成,已经成为客观事实,不可能改变了。主句动词用would、should、could或might加上现在完成时形式。   例句1:If you had been more careful, the mistakemight havebeen avoided.   虚拟和客观事实相反条件 由虚拟条件推汇出的和事实相反的结果   译文:如果你仔细一点,这个错误是可以避免的。   你可以理解为这件事发生在一次考试上,考试后看完试卷和答案,你的老师或家长对你说上面的话。事实上是你当时过去,考试的时候没有仔细,结果你出现了错误。主句和从句说明的情况都和实际情况相反,而且你也不可能回到过去的考试上去改变这种情况,所以这是和过去事实相反形式的虚拟语气。这个虚拟语气的目的主要是想告诉你在以后的考试中你要仔细认真,不要再有类似事情发生,别人这么说的目的是提出批评或建议意义,达到下次尽量别发生类似事情的目的。   例句2:Ifit had rained, we would have stayed at home.   要是下雨的话,我们就呆在家里了就不会发生不好的事情了。   说这句话的时候可能情况是这样的:之前你们没呆在家里,而是出去玩儿了,在玩儿的过程中发生了一件不好的事,比如谁受了伤或者和别人争吵起来了,后来一想比较后悔,心想:不如那时下雨了,我们就在家里呆著了,那样就不会发生不愉快的事情了,然后说出这样的感慨,表达一种后悔的态度。   总之,和过去事实相反的情况相对好判断:过去已经发生的事情已经无法改变,说话人想通过和过去事实相反的假象来推汇出另一个和过去事实相反的结果,目的主要表达批评、建议、提出帮助或后悔等目的。形式的应用也非常合适,从句是过去完成时形式,主句用would、should、could或might加上现在完成时形式。 If 从句(动词形式) 主句(动词形式) 动词用过去式 be 动词用were would/should/could/might + 动词原形   4-2-2、和现在的事实相反异想天开   从句用动词过去式形式表示,如果动词是be,不管主语是第几人称都用were。主句用would、should、could或might加上动词原形的形式来表示。   例句1:If I had wings, Iwould fly over the mountains.   如果我有翅膀,我将飞跃高山。   这句话不多说了,一定是虚拟语气,人不可能长翅膀。说这句话的时候现在说话人并没有翅膀,因此和现在的现实相反。注意一下形式,从句用动词的过去式形式表示,主句用would+ 动词原形的形式。   例句2:If you could seeme now, you would laugh your head off.   如果你现在看到我,你就会笑掉大牙。   这种情况大概是说话人现在弄得很滑稽,而且另一个人现在不在他的身边,自然也无法看到他,从句和现在事实相反。因为看不到说话人的样子,自然也不会笑掉大牙,主句也和现在事实相矛盾。注意从句的形式:从句中could是can的过去式形式,主句用would+ 动词原形的形式。   4-2-3、和将来的事实相反杞人忧天 If 从句(动词形式) 主句(动词形式) ⑴ should/were to + 动词原形 ⑵ 动词过去式 would/should/could/might + 动词原形   我之前说过,和将来事实相反的虚拟语气很难判断,因为将来能发生什么本身就是无法预料的事情,那么怎么能说和将来的事实相反?比如明天是否下雨,连天气预报都不十分准确,你怎么知道未来的条件是真实的还是虚拟的。   大多数情况下,和将来事实相反的虚拟语气和真实条件句其实差别不大,只是虚拟语气多少有些担心或某件事发生的意思,看下面的对比或许会更清晰一些:   例句1、真实条件句:If it rains tomorrow, we will stay at home.   如果明天下雨,我们就呆在家里。   例句2、虚拟语气:If it should raintomorrow, we would haveto stay at home.   万一明天下雨,我们就不得不呆在家里了。   上面两句话意思差不多,就是明天如果下雨,我们就在家里呆著,但还是有些细微的差别。真实条件句非常理性:下雨就在家呆著。虚拟语气则有些感性:可能计划着要出去郊游,非常担心下雨,所以用虚拟语气来表达一种担心某种事情发生的意思。   那么我们怎样来使用和将来事实相反的虚拟语气呢?上面的2个例句你通过形式就能判断出哪句是虚拟语气哪句是条件句,在做题的时候可以根据形式来判断出该用虚拟语气形式还是条件句正常形式。如果让你来造句子,如果你想表达担心发生什么事将来可能发生的就用虚拟语气形式;如果你想表达非常理性的就用真实条件句的形式。   如果这个条件是将来事实根本不能发生的条件,那么这句话必须用虚拟语气,看下面这个句子:   If the sun should rise from the west,he would change his mind.   如果太阳从西边升起了,他就会改变想法了。   太阳从西边升起是将来不可能发生的事情,因此这句和将来事实相反的条件一定是虚拟的,这种情况必须要用虚拟语气。除此纯虚拟情况以外,用真实条件句来表达也是完全可以的。如果用了虚拟语气,则表达说话人害怕某件事情的发生或者杞人忧天,如果用了真实条件句,则表达说话人非常理性的选择:兵来将挡,水来土掩。   以上需要说明一点:主句都是用would/should/could/might加上动词原形或现在完成时和过去事实相反,那么什么时候用would、should、could或might?   would是will的过去式,should是shall的过去式,could是can的过去式,might是may的过去式,表达的可能性不同。would和should就是“将要”,主语是复数第一人称的时候用should,此外还有和将来事实相矛盾的时候从句用should或were to加上动词原形。Could表示可能性比较大,might表示可能性比较小。   作者|苏承宗   公众号:英语语法教程   本文为原创文章,版权归作者所有,未经授权不得转载!

    英语语法虚拟语气讲解

      英语语法有词类也有句型,我们现在来看看虚拟语气的用法。下面是我给大家整理的,供大家参阅!   :if only后的句子用虚拟语气   if only 与 I wish一样,也用于表示与事实相反的愿望,其后所虚拟语气的时态与 wish 后所接时态的情况相同:   If only she had had more courage! 她再勇敢一些就好了。   If only it would stop raining! 雨要是停了就好了。   If only he didn't drive so fast. 但愿他车没开得那么快。   If only I were [was] better looking. 要是我长得漂亮些就好了。   If only I had listened to my parents! 我要是当时听了父母的话就好了。   If only she would go with me! 她要是愿意和我一道去就好了!   【友情提示】if only 通常独立使用,没有主句。   :would rather后的句子用虚拟语气   would rather后接句子时,句子谓语习惯上要用虚拟语气,具体用法为:   1.一般过去时表示现在或将来的愿望   I'd rather you went tomorrow now. 我宁愿你明天现在去。   I'd rather you came next Saturday. 我宁愿你下星期六来。   I'd rather you were happy. 我愿你快乐。   I'd rather she sat next to me. 我宁愿她挨着我坐。   I'd rather Jack left on an earlier train. 我宁愿杰克乘前一班火车走。   You always go without me and l'd rather you didn't. 你总是不带我去,我可不愿意你这样。   “Shall I open the window? ” “I'd rather you didn't. ”“我要不要把窗子开启? ” “我看不要开启好。”   2. 用过去完成时表过去的愿望   I'd rather you hadn't said it. 我真希望你没有这样说过。   I'd rather you hadn't done that. 我宁愿你没这样做。   l'd rather you had been / hadn't been present。我 宁 愿你当时在场 / 不在场。   l'd rather he had told / hadn't told me about it 我 宁 愿他告诉了 / 未告诉我这件事。   Katie went by car and I'd rather she hadn't. 凯蒂是坐汽车去的,我宁愿地不坐汽车去。   :虚拟语气用在条件状语从句中   虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式,表示所说的话不是一个事实,而只是一种假设,愿望,建议,怀疑,猜测或不大可能实现的空想。   I.虚拟语气用在条件状语从句中   虚拟语气用在条件状语从句中,通常从句由连词if 引导。   1.与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句   条件状语从句主句   If +主语 +动词过去式主语+ would, should, could, might+原形动词   be的过去式用were   例如:   If I feared death, I wouldn't be a munist.   刘胡兰怕死就不做 *** 员。   If there were no air, we couldn't live.   如果没有空气,我们就不能生活。   Example:   I would ask George to lend us the money if I ______ him.   A. had known B. knew C. have known D. know   I _____ it to him if I thought he would understand.   A. shall explain B. will explain C. would explain D. explain   2.与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句   构成   条件状语从句主句   If + 主语 + 动词过去完成式主语 + would, should, could, might+have + 过去分词   例如:   If you had e a few minutes earlier, you would have met him.   如果你早来几分钟,你就会碰上他。   If there had been no air in the tube, the result of the experiment would have been more accurate.   如果试管中没有空气,实验结果就会更精确。   Example:   If you hadn't gone with Tom to the party last night, _______.   A. you would meet John already   B. you won't have missed John   C. you will have met John   D. you would have met John   3.与将来事实相反的虚拟条件句   构成   条件状语从句主句   If + 主语+ should +原形动词主语+would,should,could,might或were+不定式+原形动词   例如:   If he were to e tomorrow, things would be easier.   假如他明天会来,事情就容易办了。   If the sand should be broken up, it would give out much energy.   如果沙子能被分解,它会释放出大量的能量。   注:在表示与将来事实相反的虚拟条件句中,从句中的should有时可以省略。如:   If he make the design, he might do it in some other way.   要是他来搞这个设计,他可能用另外的方法设计。   Example:   If the sea ____ to rise 50 feet, India would bee an island.   A. will B. is C. was D. were   If you ____ to see Mary, what would you tell her?   A. are B. will be going C. must D. were   We might still catch the train if we ___.   A. make hurry B. haste   C. make haste D. hastily   4.错综时间的虚拟语气   在一些含有虚拟语气的句子中,如果主句与从句的谓语表示不同的时间,虚拟语气可有不同形式,即主句与从句各自按自己的时间构成虚拟形式。例如:   If I had met him before, I could recognize him.要是我以前遇见过他,我就能认出他了。   从句表示与过去事实相反,主句表示与现在或将来事实相反   If we were driving at a speed of 100 Li an hour, we would have arrived there 2 hours ago. 如果我们的行车速度每小时100里,两小时以前我们就会到达那里了。   从句与现在事实相反,主句与过去事实相反   Example:   If you _____ that late movie last night, you wouldn't be sleepy.   A. haven't watched   B. didn't watch   C. hadn't watched   D. wouldn't have watched   5.省略连词if   在条件状语从句中,如果有were, should, had,可以把连词if 省去,把 were, should, had 放在句首,构成条件意义。例如:   Should it rain tomorrow, what would you do? 万一明天下雨,你怎么办?   Were there no friction, we could not walk. 要是没有摩擦力,我们就不能行走。   Had we known about the new method, we should have applied it earlier.   如果我们过去知道这种新方法,我们早就应用了。   Example:   Had Alice been more hardworking, she _______.   A. had not failed B. would not fail   C. could not be failed D. would not have failed   _______ today, he would get there by Friday.   A. Would he leave B. Was he leaving   C. Were he to leave D. If he leaves   ______ difficulties, we would be successful.   A. Should we overe B. Would we overe   C. Might we overe D. Could we overe   6.虚拟结构中省略主句或从句   虚拟结构中有时可省去主句或从句,并不影响意义的完整。   1省去条件从句   That would be fine. 那太好了。省去了if you would e 或类似条件   I wouldn't pass up the chance to visit China. 我不会放弃访问中国的机会。   We might have produced more coal. 我们可能生产出更多煤炭。   注:省略条件句,在试题中很少见到。   2省去主句,常用以表示愿望。从句谓语多用过去时或过去完成时。   If only she were here. 假如她在这儿该多好啊!   If only he lived! 假如他活着该多好啊!   If only I had known it before. 如果我早先知道这件事,那就好了。   Example:   If only it _____! but it is too late.   A. is avoided B. has avoided   C. could be avoided D. can be avoided   If only everything _____ out as we wanted it to in life!   A. is working B. worked   C. works D. has worked    看过的人还:

    英语虚拟语气语法讲解越详细越好

    一、虚拟条件句: 1)假设的事与现在事实相反:If 主语+过去时(be动词一律用were),主语+ would (could/might/should)+动词原形 2)假设的事与过去事实相反:If 主语+had+过去分词,主语+ would (could/should/might)+have done 3)假设的事与将来事实相反:If 主语+过去时/should do/were to do,主语+ would (could/should/might)+动词原形 注意:1)if从句中绝对不可出现would 2)在条件句中如果出现were,had,should,would,可省去if,将主语与这些词倒装 二、名词性虚拟语气 1.在表示命令、建议、要求、惊叹时的名词性从句中需用虚拟语气,基本句型:主语+(should)+动词原形(suggest、order、demand、propose、command、request、desire、insist) 2.It is desired/ suggested/ requested/ ordered/ proposed/ required +that +虚拟(should) 3.suggestion、proposal、order、plan、idea等表示命令、建议、要求、惊叹的名词后用虚拟(should) 三、虚拟语气的其他用语 1.It is necessary/ important/ strange/ natural/ a pity/ a shame/ no wonder + that + (should)+ 动词原形/ have done 注意:在这种句子中绝不出现“would”“must”“could”等 2.wish后的宾语从句 与现在愿望不一致:主语+过去时 与过去愿望不一致:主语+had + 过去分词 与未来愿望不一致:主语+ would (could/ might)+ 原形 3.It's time 句型 当 It's (high)time 后用that从句时应为:主语+should +原形;或 主语+过去时(更常用) 4.If only引起的感叹句相当于“How I wish+ 宾从”(用法与wish一致) 5.would rather 引导的句子表示过去的情况用过去完成时,表示现在或将来的情况用过去时 6.as if / as though 引导的句子,表示过去的情况用过去完成时,表示现在与将来的情况用过去时 7..without、but、but for、otherwise 引导的短语或句子常暗含着含蓄条件(would do/ would have done) 8.错综复杂句 根据句中的时间状语,有时可能出现“混合虚拟”的情况,即主句可能是现在的情况,条件句也许是发生在过去的情况,反之也如此。

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