今天我们来聊聊动名词的用法,以下6个关于动名词的用法的观点希望能帮助到您找到想要的大学知识。
本文目录
动名词的用法总结详解英语语法
动名词词在 句子 中可以用作主语、表语、宾语、补足语、定语、状语等。以下是我为大家整理的动名词的用法,希望能帮助大家更好地掌握动名词,提高英语水平。 动名词的用法:作主语 1、动名词是由动词变化而来,所以,动名词的意义也是表示某个动作或事情。例如: Reading English aloud in the morning will do you a lot of good. Cheating on an exam ruins one's character. 考试作弊毁坏人的性格。 2、动名词作主语时,对于一些比较长的动名词 短语 ,一般采用"It is …"和"There is …"两种句式来表示。例如: It is no use waiting for him any longer. 等他是没有用的。 There is no joking about such matters. 这种事开不得玩笑。 3、动名词作主语与不定式作主语的区别:动名词作主语通常表示抽象的或泛指的动作,一般不与特定的动作执行者联系在一起;不定式作主语通常表示具体的动作或行为,往往与特定的动作执行者联系在一起,如: It’s no use crying over spilt milk. (抽象) He realized that to go on like this was no use. (具体) 4、在实际运用中,一般可以互换,差异不大。但在下列几种情况中不能互换: 当表语是动名词时,主语也要用动名词;当表语是不定式时,主语也要用不定式,如: Seeing is believing. = To see is to believe. 5、动名词和不定式作主语,一般都可以使用形式主语it,而将动名词或不定式放在句尾。但是在下列句型中,一般宜用动名词,不宜用不定式来代替: It’s no use doing … It’s no good doing… It’s a waste of time doing … 动名词的用法:作表语 1、动名词作表语与现在分词作表语的区别: 动名词作表语时相当于名词,说明主语的含义及内容,它与主语是同等关系,主语与表语互换位置不影响句子的基本含义,但不可用副词来修饰。如: My job is looking after the children. = Looking after the children is my job. Our duty is serving the people. = Serving the people is our duty. 以上两处是动名词作表语,可以和主语互换位置,不影响句子的基本含义。 2、现在分词作表语时相当于形容词,说明主语的特征、性质、状态等,主语与表语不可互换位置,但可用very, quite等副词来修饰,如: The situation is encouraging.形势是值得鼓励的。 This cake is very inviting. The volleyball match we watched was very exciting. 以上三处是现在分词作表语,不可与主语互换位置。 3、动名词作表语与不定式作表语的区别: 动名词作表语时表示比较抽象的一般行为、习惯; 不定式作表语时表示具体的某一次动作,特别是将来的动作,试比较: My favorite sport is swimming. The first thing for us to do is to improve our pronunciation. 动名词的用法:作宾语 1、能用动名词作宾语的动词有两类:一类是只能用动名词作宾语的动词,其中有:avoid、consider、advise、dislike、enjoy、excuse、finish、give up、can’t help、keep (on)、(don’t )mind、miss、practice、go on、suggest等。另一类是既可以用动名词,又可以用不定式作宾语的动词,其中有:begin、forget、hate、like、plan、prefer、remember、start、 try、stop、need、can’t afford等。 (1) 动名词跟在及物动词后做宾语。例如: I enjoy working with you. After hearing the funny story, all of us couldn't help laughing ear to ear. Would you mind ringing me up tomorrow? (2) 动名词跟在介词后面作宾语。例如: I'm looking forward to your coming next time. Thank you for offering me so much help. He is fond of watching sports-games. (3) 下列动词后的动名词虽然是被动意义,但不用被动语态: Your car needs filling. 你这车要充气了。 This city deserves visiting. 这座城市值得光顾一下。 The problem requires studying carefully .这个问题需要认真研究。 The trees want watering .这些树需要浇水了。 动名词的用法:作定语 动名词作定语的情况并不是很普遍,一般只限于单个的动名词作定语,表示“用于……的”或表示“处于某件事情中的……”含义。例如: swimming pool 游泳 池 reading material 阅读材料 walking stick 手杖 opening speech 开幕词 listening aid 助听器 waiting room 候车室 running water 自来水 developing countries 发展中国家 working people 劳动人民 sleeping child 熟睡孩子 动名词的用法:作状语 动名词(短语)可以和about, against, at, before, after, by, for, besides, from, in, on, upon, without等介词构成短语,在句中作状语,如: They broke in loud cheers on hearing the news. She left without saying good-bye to us. Besides cooking and sewing, she had to take care of the children. 猜你喜欢: 1. practise 的用法详解 2. influence的用法详解 3. 英语介词for的用法归纳总结 4. seem做系动词的用法讲解 5. Neither...nor的用法小结 6. expect的用法 7. there be在英语中的特殊用法
动名词的三种用法
动名词有三种主要的用法:名词性、形容词性和副词性。动名词是英语语法中一种非常常见的语法结构,它通常由“动词+ -ing 形式的后缀”构成。在英语中,动名词可以用作名词、形容词、副词等,根据其词性和语法功能的不同。 一、 名词性动名词:作为名词的一个补充。 名词性动名词通常用于代替或者补充名词,例如:reading (阅读), writing (写作), swimming (游泳),等等。在句子中,它可以作为主语、宾语、或者介词的宾语。例如: 1、Running is good for your health. 2、My favorite hobbies are reading and writing. 3、I always enjoy swimming in the ocean. 二、形容词性动名词:作为形容词的一个补充。 形容词性动名词通常在句子中作为形容词的补充,描述一个名词、代词或者句子的成分。这种类型的动名词通常表示一种稍微抽象的概念。例如: 1、The party was boring. 2、I found the movie very moving. 三、副词性动名词:作为副词的一个补充。 副词性动名词通常用于补充一个句子、动词、形容词或者副词的意思。副词性动名词能够修饰谓语动词,说明该动作的方式或特点。例如: 1、He drove home quickly. 2、She walked down the street humming a song. 总之,动名词是英语中一种常见的语法结构,其主要有名词性、形容词性和副词性三种用法。了解它的用法和意义,能够帮助我们更好地理解和掌握英语语法,在英语学习和交流中更加得心应手。
动名词的用法是什么。
动名词
一. 概念
动名词是非限定动词的一种形式,由动词原形+ing构成。它既有动词的特征,又有名词的特征,故称。动名词也有时态和语态的变化,如表所示(以及物动词write为例),不及物动词没有语态的变化。
时态/语态
主动
被动
一般式
writing
being written
完成式
having written
having been written
二. 相关知识点精讲:
1.作主语。例如:
Fighting broke out between the South and the North. 南方与北方开战了。
2.作宾语
a. 有些动词可以用动名词作宾语。例如:
admit 承认
appreciate 感激
avoid 避免
complete完成
consider认为
delay 耽误
deny 否认
detest 讨厌
endure 忍受
enjoy 喜欢
escape 逃脱
fancy 想象
finish 完成
imagine 想象
mind 介意
miss 想念
postpone推迟
practice 训练
recall 回忆
resent 讨厌
resume 继续
resist 抵抗
risk 冒险
suggest 建议
face 面对
include 包括
stand 忍受
understand 理解
forgive 宽恕
keep 继续
例如:Would you mind turning down your radio a little, please? 你把收音机音量调小一点,好吗
The squirrel was lucky that it just missed being caught. 这松鼠幸运得很,刚逃避了被逮住的厄运。
b. 有些结构后面可以用动名词作宾语或其他成分。例如:
admit to
prefer…to
be used to
lead to
devote oneself to
object to
stick to
no good
no use
be fond of
look forward to
be proud of
be busy
can't help
be tired of
be capable of
be afraid of
think of
burst out
keep on
insist on
count on
set about
put off
be good at
take up
give up
be successful in
3.作表语,对主语说明、解释。例如:
Her job is washing, cleaning and taking care of the children. 她的工作是洗刷、清扫和照顾孩子。
比较:She is washing, cleaning and taking care of the children.
4.作定语,一般表示所修饰名词事物的用途。例如:
a writing desk=a desk for writing 写字台
a swimming pool=a pool swimming 游泳池
有些动名词作定语,与所修饰的名词关系比较复杂。例如:
boiling point=a temperature point at which something begins to boil 沸点
a walking tractor=a tractor which a driver can operate while he or she is walking behind it 手扶拖拉机
5.动名词复合结构
物主代词/人称代词或名词所有格/普通格与动名词连用,就构成了动名词的复合结构。物主代词或名词所有格等是动名词的逻辑主语。
动名词复合结构在句中主要作主语和宾语。
The students' knowing English well will help them to learn French.学生学好了英语对学习法语有帮助。
I remember Tom's going there.我记得汤姆去过那里。
三.巩固练习
1.It’s no use __________ theory without practice.
A. to learn B. of learning C. learn D. learning
2.Talking is easier than ______.
A. more doing B. to do C. doing D. much doing
3.Seeing it, he couldn’t help _______.
A. shouting B. shouting at C. shout D. his shouting
4.We insisted on ________ a good lesson.
A. teach B. her teaching C. teaching her D. himself teaching
5.Tom has got used to _________ Chinese.
A. to speak B. speaking C. to speaking D. to saying
6.The patient has given ________.
A. smoking B. out smoking C. smoke D. up smoking
7.The book is well worth ________ a second time.
A. reading B. seeing C. looking D. watching
8.Anybody won’t stand _______ like that.
A. to laugh B. being laughed at C. being not laughed at D. to laughing at
9.He admitted _________ Mary to that fellow.
A. having married B. to have married C. marrying not D. being married
10.Do you mind _________ a little late?
A. my being B. I being C. me to be D. be
11.The beautiful flowers want ________.
A. having watered B. watering C. being watered D. waters
12.She prefers ________ at home to _______ out at night.
A. to stay; go B. going; staying C. staying; going D. to staying; go
13.Would you mind _________ alone at home?
A. left B. being left C. to be left D. leaving
14.The squirrel was lucky that it just missed _______.
A. catching B. to catch C. being caught D. caught
15.I can hardly imagine Peter ________ across the Atlantic Oceanin five days.
A. sail B. to sail C. sailing D. to have sailed
动名词的用法
动名词主要有四种用法:1、作主语;2、作宾语;3、作表语;4、作定语。
1、作主语;在句中,常用it作形式主语,将动名词放在句子后面。
2、作宾语;动名词既可作动词宾语也可作介词宾语,例如I haven't finished reading today's newspaper。
3、作表语;例如Seeing is believing.
4、作定语;例如I choose a house with a swimming pool.
英语中的动名词是由动词变化而来,它仍一方面保留着动词的某些特征(例如可以带宾语、表语、状语),具有动词的某些变化形式,用以表达名词所不能表达的较为复杂的意念,另一方面动名词在句子的用法及功能与名词类同:在句子中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语。它也可以被副词修饰或者用来支配宾语。
例如:
They run into constant discrimination in trying to find a job or friend在寻找工作和结交朋友方面,他们不断地受到歧视。Living in digs means having one room in someone's house寄居的意思是在别人的家里借住一间房间。
动名词在很多方面是类似名词的,有些已经和标准的名词没什么区别了,比如writing,但和ion等名词化后缀不同。比较:The activating of the weapon must be stopped,The act of activating the weapon must be stopped,The activation of the weapon must be stopped。
动名词怎么用 动名词用法
1、动名词的用法就是把动词当名词用,所做的成分是名词常见的成分。当动词作主语或者作宾语这样一种名词的成分的时候,动名词常做句子的主语或宾语,也就是动名词的doing形式。 2、动名词作主语的时候,谓语动词用单数。 3、动名词作主语,还可以是复合结构,前面可以有物主代词。 4、如果动名词短语作主语,这个短语又很长,这个时候往往用 it 做形式主语。 5、动名词做宾语可以有复合结构,前面可以加形容词性物主代词。 6、动名词来自于动词,及物动词变成动名词之后,还保留有动词的一般属性,可以带宾语。
动名词的用法
[编辑本段]动名词的作用动名词具有名词的性质,因此在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语等。 作主语Reading is an art. 读书是一种艺术。 Climbing mountains is really fun. 爬山真是有趣 Working in these conditions is not a pleasure but a suffer. 在这种工作条件下工作不是一件愉快的事而是一件痛苦的事。 动名词作主语,在动词的基础上加Ing,是该动词或动词短语,有名词的各种特征,可作名词灵活使用。如: It is no use/no good crying over spilt milk. 覆水难收 It is a waste of time persuading such a person to join us. 劝说这样的人加入真是浪费时间。 It was hard getting on the crowded street car. 上这种拥挤的车真难。 It is fun playing with children. 和孩子们一起玩真好。 There is no joking about such matters. 对这种事情不是开玩笑。 动名词作主语的几种类型 动名词可以在句子中充当名词所能充当的多种句子成分。在这里仅就动名词在句子中作主语的情况进行讨论。 动名词作主语有如下几种常见情况: 1. 直接位于句首做主语。例如: Swimming is a good sport in summer. 2. 用 it 作形式主语,把动名词(真实主语)置于句尾作后置主语。 动名词做主语时,不太常用 it 作先行主语,多见于某些形容词及名词之后。例如: It is no use telling him not to worry. 常见的能用于这种结构的形容词还有:better,wonderful,enjoyable,interesting,foolish,difficult,useless,senseless,worthwhile,等。 注意:important,essential,necessary 等形容词不能用于上述结构。 3. 用于“There be”结构中。例如: There is no saying when he'll come.很难说他何时回来。 4. 用于布告形式的省略结构中。例如: No smoking ( =No smoking is allowed (here) ). (禁止吸烟) No parking. (禁止停车) 5. 动名词的复合结构作主语 当动名词有自己的逻辑主语时,常可以在前面加上一个名词或代词的所有格,构成动名词的复合结构(——这时,名词或代词的所有格做动名词的逻辑主语)。动名词的复合结构也可以在句中作主语。例如: Their coming to help was a great encouragement to us. 6.例词 shopping fishing cycling这些都是很常见的动名词 二、动名词作主语与动词不定式作主语的比较 动词不定式和动名词都可以用作主语。在意义上相近。但动名词多用来表示泛指或抽象动作,不定式多用来表示特指或具体动作。比较: Smoking is not good for health. It is not good for you to smoke so much. 注意: 1)在口语中,用动名词作主语位于句首的较不定式多见。 2)在“It is no use...”,“It is no good...”,“It is fun...”,“It is a waste of time...”等句型中,通常用动名词作真实主语: It is no use/good/a waste of time talking about that. *It is no use/good/a waste of time to talk about that. 3)在疑问句中,通常用动名词的复合结构,而不用不定式的复合结构作主语: Does your saying that mean anything to him? *Does for you to say that mean anything to him? 4)在“There be”句型中,只能用动名词,而不能用不定式作主语: There is no telling what will happen. It is impossible to tell what will happen. 5)当句子中的主语和表语都是非限定动词时,要遵循前后一致的原则,主语和表语在形式上要求统一: Seeing is believing. *To see is to believe. 作宾语(1)作动词的宾语 某些动词后出现非限定性动词时只能用动名词作宾语,不能用不定式。常见的此类动词有:advise, allow, permit, avoid, consider, enjoy, finish, give up, cannot help, imagine, include, keep, keep on, mind, miss, put off, delay, practise, resist, suggest, depend on, think about, set about, succeed in, worry about, burst out, insist on, can’t stand, be used to, get used to, devote…to…, look forward to, pay attention to, get down to,escape 等。如: They went on walking and never stopped talking. 他们继续走,说个不停。 I found it pleasant walking along the seashore. 在海滩上走真是乐事。 Mark often attempts to escape being fined whenever he breaks traffic regulations. 每当马克违反交通规则时,他常常企图逃避罚款的处分。 (2)作介词的宾语 We are thinking of making a new plan for the next term. 我们正考虑为下学期制定新的计划。 Shall we have a rest or get down to doing our work? 我们休息呢还是开始干活? (3)作形容词的宾语 The music is well worth listening to more than once. 这种曲子很值得多听几遍。 We are busy preparing for the coming sports meet. 我们正为马上到来的运动会忙着做准备。 作表语动名词作表语时句子主语常是表示无生命的事物的名词或what引导的名词性从句。表语动名词与主语通常是对等的关系,表示主语的内容,主语、表语可互换位置。 Your task is cleaning the windows. 你的任务就是擦窗户。(Cleaning the windows is your task.) What I hate most is being laughed at. 我最痛恨的就是被别人嘲笑。 (Being laughed at is what I hate most.) 作定语动名词作定语往往表示被修饰词的某种用途。如: a walking stick =a stick for walking=a stick which is used for walking a washing machine=a machine for washing=a machine which is used for washing a reading room=a room for reading=a room which is used for reading a measuring tape=a tape for measuring=a tape which is used for measuring sleeping pills=pills for sleeping=pills which is used for sleeping [编辑本段]动名词的逻辑主语带有逻辑主语的动名词称为动名词的复合结构。当动名词的逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致时,要在动名词之前加上物主代词或名词所有格,这便构成了动名词的复合结构。其中物主代词(名词所有格)是逻辑上的主语,动名词是逻辑上的谓语。动名词复合结构在句中可作主语、宾语、表语等,分别相当于一个主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句。如: Her coming to help encouraged all of us. 他来帮忙鼓舞了我们所有人。 (=That she came to help encouraged all of us.) Jane’s being careless caused so much trouble. 简的粗心惹来了不少麻烦。 (=That Jane was careless caused so much trouble.) What’s troubling them is their not having enough food. 烦扰他们的是食物不足。 (=What’s troubling them is that they have not enough food.) 在口语中,如果动名词复合结构作宾语,其中的物主代词常用人称代词宾格,名词所有格常用名词普通格来代替,但在句首作主语时不能这样来代替。如: Would you mind my/me using your computer? 用下你的电脑介意吗? The father insisted on his son’s/his son going to college. 爸爸坚决要求儿子上大学。 Mary’s (不可用Mary) being ill made her mother upset. 玛丽病了,使她妈妈很着急。 His (不可用Him)smoking made his family angry. 他抽烟使他一家人非常生气。 在下列情况下动名词的逻辑主语必须用名词的普通格或人称代词宾语: a.无命名词 The baby was made awake by the door suddenly shutting. 这个婴儿被猛烈的关门声吵醒。 b. 有生命名词但表示泛指意义 Have you ever heard of women practising boxing? 你听说过妇女练拳击吗? c. 两个以上的有生命名词并列 Do you remember your parents and me telling about this? 你记得你父母和我都告诉过你这事吗? [编辑本段]动名词的时态和语态动名词的时态和语态如下: 时态 主动语态 被动语态 一般式 writing being written 完成式 having written having been written 其否定形式是在doing前加上not 1、动名词一般式表示的动作通常是一般性动作,即不是明确地发生在过去、现在或将来的动作,或是与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生的动作。如: I hate talking with such people. 我讨厌与这样的人说话。 Being careless is not a good habit. 粗心不是一个好习惯。 2、动名词的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前。如: I don’t remember having met him before. 我记不得以前见过他。 Thank you for having taking so much trouble to help. 谢谢你费力帮忙。 3、动名词的逻辑主语同时也是动名词动作的承受者,动名词用被动语态。 (1)它的一般式表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生,或在其前发生。如: I don’t like being laughed at in public. 在公共场合下,我不喜欢被别人嘲笑。 (2)它的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词之前。如: I am very pleased at your having been honoured with a medal. 我很高兴你能获得这样的奖牌。 (3)在某些动词,我们常用动名词的一般式表示完成式,尽管动作发生在谓语动词动作之前,这似乎是一种强大的习惯。如: Excuse me for being late. 我来晚了请你原谅。 I don’t remember ever meeting somewhere. 我记不得原来在什么地方见过。 Thank you for giving us so much help. 谢谢给我们这么大的帮助。 (4)在多数情况下都避免使用动名词被动语态完成式,而用一般式代替,以免句子显得累赘,尤其是在口语中。如: I forget once being taken (having been taken ) to the city zoo. 我曾被带到过这个动物园,可我忘了。 (5)动名词被动语态一般式与现在分词被动语态一般式同形,但无进行意义,being不可省略。如: She is afraid of being taken to the public. 她怕被领到大众面前。 [编辑本段]常见题型1) 动名词做主语时,谓语动词为单数 2) 在动名词和不定式中,作为介词的宾语是动名词 3) 动名词的否定直接在其前加否定词,通过代词的宾格或所有格形式给出逻辑主语 例: I would appreciate_______ back this afternoon. A.you to call B.you call C.you calling D.you’re calling(Key:C;换成your calling也对) 4) 有些词后只能接动名词 admit; appreciate; avoid; celebrate; consider; contemplate; defer; delay; deny; detest; discontinue; dislike; dispute; enjoy; it entails; escape; excuse; explain; fancy; feel like; finish; forgive; can’t help; hinder; imagine; it involves; keep; it means; mention; mind; miss; it necessitates; pardon; postpone; practice; prevent; recall; report; resent; resist; risk; suggest; understand... 5) 另外还有一些接-ing形式的常用说法 it’s no good; it’s no/little/hardly any/ use; it’s not/hardly/scarcely use; it’s worthwhile; spend money/time; there’s no; there’s no point in; there’s nothing worse than; what’s the use/point... 6) 有些词后面加不定式和动名词均可 remember, forget, try, stop, go on, cease, mean后面均可用不定式和-ing形式,但意义截然不容。 例: remember to do/doing: ①I remembered to post the letters.(指未来/过去未来将要做的动作) ②I remembered posting/having posted the letters.(我记得做过这个动作) forget与remember的用法类似。 regret的用法: ①I regret to inform you that…(我很遗憾地通知你……) ②I regretted having left the firm after twenty years.(为了“二十年前的离开”而遗憾。) try to(努力)与try +–ing(试验): ①You really must try to overcome your shyness. ②Try practicing five hours a day. [编辑本段]动名词与现在分词的同与不同动名词它在形式上与现在分词相同,都是在动词原形的词末加-ing。在现代语法中,这两种形式同视为"-ing形式"。 这两种形式的另一个相同之处是:它们都是由动词变化而成的,它们都保留了动词的某些特征,它们都能带自己的宾语、状语,而构成动名词短语或是现在分词短语去担当句子成分。例如: Speaking in the public , he will surely be very cheerful . (现在分词短语,作状语)他在公众场所讲话时总是兴高采烈的。 She hates speaking in the public. (动名词短语,作宾语)她不喜欢在公众场所讲话。 区别: 1?动名词和现在分词都可以用于系动词之后作表语,区别方法是: ①作表语的动名词与主语指的是同一件事,此时系动词相当于“是”,通常把主语和表语的位置互换,语法和意思不变,例如: My hobby is swimming.可改为Swimming is my hobby.(可将原句中的主语与表语位置互换) ②现在分词作表语主要用以说明主语的性质,不能与主语互换位置,例如: The story is interesting .不可改为:Interesting is the story. 2?动名词和现在分词都可以用作定语来修饰名词,两者的区别在于: 动名词修饰名词时主要表示该名词的用途,而现在分词修饰名词时性质?状态或动作等?试比较: ①a swimming boy和a swimming suit 前者的意思是“一个正在游泳的男孩”,即a boy who is swimming ,现在分词swimming 表示被修饰名词boy的动作;而后者的意思是“游泳衣”,即a suit for swimming , 动名词swimming表示suit 的用途? ②a sleeping child 和 a sleeping car 前者的意思是“一个正在睡觉的孩子”,即a child who is sleeping ,现在分词sleeping 表示被修饰名词 child 正处于的状态;而后者的意思是“卧车(被用来睡觉的车厢)”,即 a car which is used for sleeping ,动名词 sleeping 表示car 的用途?
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