今天我们来聊聊独立主格,以下6个关于独立主格的观点希望能帮助到您找到想要的大学知识。
本文目录
独立主格是什么
独立主格结构(Absolute Structure)是由名词或代词加上分词等构成的一种独立结构,用于修饰整个句子。独立主格结构中的名词或代词与其后的分词等构成逻辑上的主谓关系。这种结构与主句不发生句法上的联系,它的位置相当灵活,可置于主句前、主句末或主句中,常由逗号将其与主句分开。在句中作状语,相当于一个状语从句。
需特别注意的是,独立主格结构与主句之间不能使用任何连接词。
独立主格结构基本标配
1. 名词(代词)+现在分词
2. 名词(代词)+过去分词
3. 名词(代词)+不定式
4. 名词(代词)+形容词
5. 名词(代词)+副词
6. 名词(代词)+名词
7. 名词(代词) +介词短语
独立主格是什么意思
独立主格是一种语法结构,由两部分组成,前一部分是名词或代词,后一部分是非谓语动词、形容词、副词、名词或介词短语,前后两部分具有逻辑主谓关系。
在英语中,谓语只能是动词,不是谓语的动词全部改成非谓语动词。独立主格结构多用于书面语, 其本身不是句子,它在句子中作状语,表时间、原因、条件、伴随、目的及状态等。
非谓语动词作状语,其逻辑主语须与主句主语保持一致。若不一致,非谓语动词形式须另带主语,从而构成复合结构的形式作状语。这种结构称为“独立结构”。其中,非谓语动词主动用现在分词,被动用过去分词。
功能:独立主格结构主要用于描绘性文字中,其作用相当于一个状语从句,常用来表示时间、原因、条件、行为方式或伴随情况等。
用法:独立主格结构主要表示谓语动词发生的时间、原因、条件或伴随情况等,相当于一个状语从句或并列句。
特点:
1、独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同,它独立存在。
2、名词或代词与后面的分词,形容词,副词,不定式,介词等是主谓关系或动宾关系。
3、独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。
英语中什么是独立主格
问题一:英语里面的独立主格结构是什么意思? 1. 独立主格结构的构成: 名词(代词)+现在分词、过去分词; 名词(代词)+形容词; 名词(代词)+副词; 名词(代词)+不定式; 名词(代词) +介词短语构成。 (二) 独立主格结构的特点: 1)独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同,它独立存在。 2)名词或代词与后面的分词,形容词,副词,不定 式,介词等是主谓关系。 3)独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。 举例: The test finished, we began our holiday. = When the test was finished, we began our holiday. 考试结束了,我们开始放假。 The president assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow. = After the president was assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow. 总统被谋杀了,举国上下沉浸在悲哀之中。 Weather permitting, we are going to visit you tomorrow. 如果天气允许,我们明天去看你。 This done, we went home. 工作完成后,我们才回家。 The meeting gone over, everyone tired to go home earlier. 会议结束后,每个人都想早点回家。 He came into the room, his ears red with cold. 他回到了房子里,耳朵冻坏了。 He came out of the library, a large book under his arm. 他夹着本厚书,走出了图书馆 2. With的复合结构作独立主格 表伴随时,既可用分词的独立结构,也可用with的复合结构。 with +名词(代词)+现在分词/过去分词/形容词/副词/不定式/介词短语 举例: He stood there, his hand raised. = He stood there, with his hand raise. 典型例题 The murder was brought in, with his hands ___ behind his back。 A. being tied B. having tied C. to be tied D. tied 答案D. with +名词(代词)+分词+介词短语结构。当分词表示伴随状况时,其主语常常用with来引导。由于本句中名词手与分词绑是被动关系,因此用过去分词,选D. 注意: 1) 独立主格结构使用介词的问题: 当介词是in时,其前后的两个名词均不加任何成分(如物主代词或冠词),也不用复数。但 with 的复合结构不受此限制 A robber burst into the room, knife in hand. ( hand前不能加his)。 2) 当表人体部位的词做逻辑主语时,及物动词用现在分 词,不及物动词用过去分词。 He lay there, his teeth set, his hand clenched, his eyes looking strai......>> 问题二:什么是独立主格句子?(英语) 独立主格结构是一个独立主格的名词或代词(作为逻辑主格),加上一个分词、形容词、副词、不定式、介词短语。其作用相当于状语,多用来表示行为、方式或伴随的情况,有时也用来表示时间和条件。这种结构多用在书面语中。 一、几种常见的独立主格结构形式 1.名词(或代词)+现在分词(或过去分词)。如: 1)The moon appearing,they decided to go on with theirjouney. 2)Good-bye said,he went home. 2.名词(或代词)+形容词。如: 3)The weather(being)hot,we all went swimming. 3.名词(或代词)+不定式。如: 4)Some of the money to be paid by the thief, the policewent. 4.名词(或代词)+介词短语。如: 5)He climbed in,sword in hand. 5.名词(或代词)+副词。如: 6)The meeting(being)over, we left the room. 独立主格结构的模式是: 主格名词/代词 + 分词/形容词/副词/不定式/介词短语 (作逻辑主语) (作逻辑谓语) 1. All our savings gone, we started looking for jobs. 2. The question settled, we went home. 3. The river having risen in the night, the crossing was impossible. 主格名词/代词 + 分词 (过去分词/现在分词) 主格名词/代词 + 形容词 1. His mother being ill, he had to stay home to look after her. 2. Other things being equal, I would buy the black dress. 主格名词/代词 + 副词 The meeting being over, our headmaster soon left the meeting-room. We to care for the children, you are able to be carefree away from home. 主格名词/代词 + 不定式 主格名词/代词 +介词短语 Our English teacher came into the classroom, papers in hand. with复合结构 与 独立主格结构 它们都可以在句中作原因状语,伴随状况状语,条件状语,时间状语或结果状语用,一般也可以相互转换.虽然它们的语法功能和意义相同,但其结构形式和名称却不相同. with复合结构的模式是: with+名词/代词+分词/形容词/副词/不定式/介词短语 独立主格结构的模式是: 主格名词/代词+分词/形容词/副词/不定式/介词短语 一,作时间状语 1,With winter ing on, the trees turn yellow and some birds fly south. ......>>
独立主格8种基本句型例句有哪些?
独立主格8种基本句型例句有如下:
1、“名词/代词+不定式”结构
由不定式构成的独立主格 结构往往表示还未发生的动作或状态,在句中常作原因状语,偶尔作条件状语。例如:
His friends to come tonight,he is busy preparing the dinner.
他的朋友今晚要来,他正忙着准备晚餐。
No one to wake me up,I might be late for the first class.
如果没人叫醒我,我会错过第一节课的。
2、“名词/代词+现在分词”结构
现在分词表示前面的名词或代词主动进行的动作或状态等。“独立结构”中的being或 having been有时可以省去,这样就成了无动词分句或过去分词分句。例如:
The man lay there, his hands trembling.
那个男子躺在那儿,双手在颤抖。
So many students being absent, the meeting had to be put off.
那么多学生没到,会议不得不推迟。
His homework having been done, Tom went to sleep.
做完作业后,汤姆睡着了。
3、“名词/代词+过去分词”结构
过去分词表示前面的名词或代词被动完成的动作或所处的一种状态。例如:
he boy lay on his back, his hands crossed under his head.
男孩仰卧着,双手交叉放在头下。
4、“名词/代词+名词”结构
名词一般做前面名词或代词的同位语。例如:
Many people joined in the work, some of them women and children.
许多人参加了这项工作,其中有些是妇女和儿童。
He fought the tiger,a stick his only weapon.
他与老虎搏斗,那是他唯一的武器。
5、“名词/代词+形容词”结构
形容词(短语)说明前面名词或代词的性质,状态,原因等。例如:
The floor wet and slippery, we had to stay outside for a while.
地面很湿,我们只好在外面呆一会儿。
I heard that she got injured in the accident, my heart full of sorry.
我听说她在这场事故中受伤了,心中充满担忧。(形容词,表伴随)。
这两个句子也可以看成是省略了being,如果加上,就变成了现在分词分句。
6、“逻辑主语+副词”结构
副词说明前面名词或代词的状态。例如:
The meeting over, we all went home.
会议结束,我们都回家了。
7、“逻辑主语+介词短语”结构
介词短语说明伴随前面名词或代词的方式或者状态。例如:
The teacher came in, a book under his arm.
老师在他的胳膊下夹着一本书进来了。
The hunter entered the forest, gun in hand.
那位猎人手里提着枪走进了树林。
Nobody at home, the thief took a lot of things away.
家里很多东西都没人拿走。
8、“with/without”引导的独立主格结构
A woman got on the bus with a baby around her arms.
一位妇女抱着一个婴儿上了公共汽车。
独立主格的用法
独立主格结构是一个独立主格的名词或代词(作为逻辑主格),加上一个分词、形容词、副词、不定式、介词短语。其作用相当于状语,多用来表示行为、方式或伴随的情况,有时也用来表示时间和条件。这种结构多用在书面语中。
一、几种常见的独立主格结构形式
1.名词(或代词)+现在分词(或过去分词)。如:
1)The moon appearing,they decided to go on with theirjouney.
2)Good-bye said,he went home.
2.名词(或代词)+形容词。如:
3)The weather(being)hot,we all went swimming.
3.名词(或代词)+不定式。如:
4)Some of the money to be paid by the thief, the policewent.
4.名词(或代词)+介词短语。如:
5)He climbed in,sword in hand.
5.名词(或代词)+副词。如:
6)The meeting(being)over, we left the room.
独立主格结构的模式是:
主格名词/代词 + 分词/形容词/副词/不定式/介词短语
(作逻辑主语) (作逻辑谓语)
1. All our savings gone, we started looking for jobs.
2. The question settled, we went home.
3. The river having risen in the night, the crossing was impossible.
主格名词/代词 + 分词 (过去分词/现在分词)
主格名词/代词 + 形容词
1. His mother being ill, he had to stay home to look after her.
2. Other things being equal, I would buy the black dress.
主格名词/代词 + 副词
The meeting being over, our headmaster soon left
the meeting-room.
We to care for the children, you are able to be carefree
away from home.
主格名词/代词 + 不定式
主格名词/代词 +介词短语
Our English teacher came into the classroom, papers in hand.
with复合结构 与 独立主格结构
它们都可以在句中作原因状语,伴随状况状语,条件状语,时间状语或结果状语用,一般也可以相互转换.虽然它们的语法功能和意义相同,但其结构形式和名称却不相同.
with复合结构的模式是:
with+名词/代词+分词/形容词/副词/不定式/介词短语
独立主格结构的模式是:
主格名词/代词+分词/形容词/副词/不定式/介词短语
一,作时间状语
1,With winter coming on, the trees turn yellow and
some birds fly south.
=Winter coming on, the trees turn yellow and some
birds fly south.
二,作原因状语
1,With the weather terribly cold, we entered the
room to warm ourselves.
= The weather terribly cold, we entered the room to warm ourselves.
2,With the key having been lost, she could not
enter the room.
= The key having been lost, she could not enter the room.
三,作条件状语
1,With time permitting, we'll visit the Summer Palace.
= Time permitting, we'll visit the Summer Palace.
2,With the car going wrong, we'll have to stop
at the foot of the mountain.
= The car going wrong, we'll have to stop at the foot
of the mountain.
四,作伴随状语
1,The mother was cleaning the house with her baby
playing on the bed.
=The mother was cleaning the house, her baby playing
on the bed.
2,Last night I followed him, with a sword in my hand.
= Last night I followed him , sword in hand.
无论with复合结构还是独立主格结构,都不可有动词的谓语形式充当其中的逻辑谓语.如下例中的was就必须去掉:
He sat at the desk reading
with a pen was in his right hand.
with复合结构可以作后置定语修饰名词,而独立主格结构则不可作后置定语修饰名词.
Soon she arrived at a park with grass green and
flowers in blossom.
= Soon she arrived at a park whose grass was green
and whose flowers were in blossom.
谁给解释下独立主格,谢谢了
1 独立主格 由一个名词或代词作为逻辑主语,加上一个分词、形容词、副词、动词不定式或介词短语作为逻辑谓语构成,这种结构在形式上与主句没有关系,通常被称为独立主格结构。 (一)独立主格结构的构成: 名词(代词)+现在分词、过去分词 名词(代词)+形容词 名词(代词)+副词 名词(代词)+不定式 名词(代词) +介词短语构成 独立主格结构主要起状语作用,相当于一个状语从句,多用来表示行为、方式、伴随等情况,有时也可用来表示时间、原因、条件等情况。 1、名词或代词主格 + 分词 ①The experiment done, the students went on to take notes in the experiment report. 实验做完了,同学们继续在实验报告上做记录。 ②Time permitting, we can have a walk around the playground after supper. 如果时间允许,晚饭后我们可以到操场上散步。 2、名词或代词主格 + 形容词 ①Computers very small, we can use them widely. 电脑虽小,我们却能广泛地利用它们。 ② The clothes very dirty, you'd better wash them quickly. 衣服很脏,你快点儿洗洗吧! 3、名词或代词主格 + 不定式 The last guest to arrive, our party was started. 最后一位客人到了,我们的晚会就开始了。 4、名词或代词主格 + 介词短语 ① Our English teacher came into the classroom, papers in hand. 我们的英语老师走进了教室,手里拿着试卷。 ② There is a river in the valley, fresh flowers on the banks. 山谷中有一条河,河两岸长满了鲜花。 5、名词或代词主格 + 副词 ① The meeting over, our headmaster soon left the meeting-room. 散会了,校长很快就离开了会议室。 ② The lights off, we could not go on with the work. 灯熄了,我们不能继续工作了。 (二)独立主格结构的特点: 1. 独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同,它独立存在。 2. 名词或代词与后面的分词,形容词,副词,不定式,介词等是主谓关系。 3. 独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。 例:Weather permitting, we are going to visit you tomorrow. 如果天气允许,我们明天去看你。 This done, we went home. 工作完成后,我们才回家。 The meeting gone over, everyone tired to go home earlier. 会议结束后,每个人都想早点回家。 He came into the room, his ears red with cold. 他回到了房子里,耳朵冻坏了。 He came out of the library, a large book under his arm. 他夹着本厚书,走出了图书馆 独立主格结构及分词短语作状语的异同 1、独立主格结构与分词短语都可以转换为状语从句。但是,独立主格结构转换为状语从句后,它有自己的逻辑主语,与主句的主语不一致(例①)。而分词短语转换为状语从句后,从句的主语与主句的主语一致(例②)。 ① If time permits, we'd better have a holiday at weekends. 转换为: Time permitting, we'd better have a holiday at weekends. 如果时间允许,我们最好周末去度假。 ②When we see from the hilltop, we can find the city more beautiful.转换为: Seeing from the hilltop, we can find the city more beautiful. 从山顶上看,我们发现这个城市更美了。 2、还必须注意,分词结构的逻辑主语并不总是和主句的主语一致,也可以是主句的其它成分,语法上称作"依着法则"(例①)。而如果一个分词结构在句子中找不到它的逻辑主语,语法上称作"悬垂分词"(例②)。 ①Searching for the thief in the city, it had taken the policemen a long time. 在城市里搜查小偷,花费了警察很长一段时间。 ② When planting these flowers, care must be taken not to damage the roots. (人们)种这些花时必须小心,不要损坏了花根。 独立主格结构与独立成分的异同 1、有些分词短语可以独立存在,在句子中没有逻辑上的主语,实际上已经变成了习惯用法。 这些短语有: Generally speaking 总的说来, Frankly speaking 坦率地说,Judging from 从……判断,Supposing 假设,等 ①Generally speaking, the rule is very easy to understand. 总的说来,这条规则很容易懂。 ②Judging from what he said, he must be an honest man. 由他所说的来判断,他一定是一个诚实的人。 2、有些固定短语是带to的不定式,表明说话人的立场或态度, 在句中作独立成分。 这些短语有: to be honest老实说,to be sure 确实,to tell you the truth 说实话,to cut a long story short 长话短说,to be frank 坦率地说,to make matters / things worse 更糟糕的是,等等。 ① To tell you the truth, I made a mistake in the word spelling. 说实话,我犯了一个拼写错误。 ② To make things worse, many of the men have gone off to cities in search of higher pay, leaving women from nearby villages to carry on with the work. 情况更糟的是,许多男人都去城市找工资较高的工作,而留下附近村庄的妇女来继续承担修复工作。 2 With的复合结构作独立主格 表示伴随时,既可用分词的独立结构,也可用with的复合结构。 With + 名词(代词) + 现在分词/过去分词/形容词/副词/不定式/介词短语 例题 1. The murder was brought in, with his hands ___ behind his back。 A. being tied B. having tied C. to be tied D. tied 答案D. with +名词(代词)+分词+介词短语结构。当分词表示伴随状况时,其主语常常用with来引导。由于本句中名词"手"与分词"绑"是被动关系,因此用过去分词,选D. 注意: 1) 独立主格结构使用介词的问题: 当介词是in时,其前后的两个名词均不加任何成分(如物主代词或冠词),也不用复数,但with的复合结构不受此限制。 A robber burst into the room, knife in hand. (hand前不能加his) 2) 当表示人体部位的词做逻辑主语时,及物动词用现在分词,不及物动词用过去分词。 He lay there, his teeth set, his hand clenched, his eyes looking straight up.
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